CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
The History of Kāliya
This chapter describes how Kāliya left the island of the snakes and how the sleeping residents of Vṛndāvana were saved from a forest fire.
When King Parīkṣit inquired about Kāliya’s leaving Ramaṇaka Island, the abode of the serpents, and about why Garuḍa acted inimically toward him, Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī replied as follows: All the serpents on the island were afraid of being devoured by Garuḍa. To placate him, every month they would leave various offerings for him at the foot of a banyan tree. But Kāliya, puffed-up as he was with false pride, would eat these offerings himself. Hearing of this, Garuḍa became furious and went to kill Kāliya, whereupon the snake began biting the great bird. Garuḍa fiercely beat him with his wing, sending Kāliya fleeing for his life to a lake adjoining the Yamunā River.
Prior to the above incident, Garuḍa had once come to the Yamunā and started eating some fish. Saubhari Ṛṣi had tried to stop him, but Garuḍa, agitated by hunger, had refused to heed the sage’s prohibitions, and in response the sage had cursed Garuḍa that if he ever came there again he would immediately die. Kāliya had heard of this, and thus he lived there without fear. In the end, however, he was driven out by Śrī Kṛṣṇa.
When Lord Balarāma and all the residents of Vṛndāvana saw Śrī Kṛṣṇa rise up out of the lake, beautifully decorated with many different gems and ornaments, they embraced Him in great pleasure. The spiritual masters, priests and learned brāhmaṇas then told Nanda Mahārāja, the king of the cowherds, that although his son had been caught in the grips of Kāliya, it was by the king’s good fortune that He was now free again.
Because the people of Vṛndāvana were quite worn out by hunger, thirst and fatigue, they spent that night on the banks of the Yamunā. In the middle of the night, a fire happened to blaze up within the forest, which had become dry during the hot season. As the fire surrounded the sleeping inhabitants of Vṛndāvana, they suddenly awoke and rushed to Śrī Kṛṣṇa for protection. Then the unlimitedly powerful Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, seeing His dear relatives and friends so distressed, immediately swallowed up the terrible forest fire.
Devanagari
नागालयं रमणकं कथं तत्याज कालिय: ।
कृतं किं वा सुपर्णस्य तेनैकेनासमञ्जसम् ॥ १ ॥
Text
nāgālayaṁ ramaṇakaṁ
kathaṁ tatyāja kāliyaḥ
kṛtaṁ kiṁ vā suparṇasya
tenaikenāsamañjasam
Synonyms
Translation
[Having thus heard how Lord Kṛṣṇa chastised Kāliya,] King Parīkṣit inquired: Why did Kāliya leave Ramaṇaka Island, the abode of the serpents, and why did Garuḍa become so antagonistic toward him alone?
Devanagari
उपहार्यै: सर्पजनैर्मासि मासीह यो बलि: ।
वानस्पत्यो महाबाहो नागानां प्राङ्निरूपित: ॥ २ ॥
स्वं स्वं भागं प्रयच्छन्ति नागा: पर्वणि पर्वणि ।
गोपीथायात्मन: सर्वे सुपर्णाय महात्मने ॥ ३ ॥
Text
upahāryaiḥ sarpa-janair
māsi māsīha yo baliḥ
vānaspatyo mahā-bāho
nāgānāṁ prāṅ-nirūpitaḥ
nāgāḥ parvaṇi parvaṇi
gopīthāyātmanaḥ sarve
suparṇāya mahātmane
Synonyms
śrī-śukaḥ uvāca — Śukadeva Gosvāmī said; upahāryaiḥ — who were qualified to make offerings; sarpa-janaiḥ — by the serpent race; māsi māsi — each month; iha — here (in Nāgālaya); yaḥ — which; baliḥ — offering of tribute; vānaspatyaḥ — at the base of a tree; mahā-bāho — O mighty-armed Parīkṣit; nāgānām — for the serpents; prāk — previously; nirūpitaḥ — ordained; svam svam — each his own; bhāgam — portion; prayacchanti — they present; nāgāḥ — the serpents; parvaṇi parvaṇi — once each month; gopīthāya — for the protection; ātmanaḥ — of themselves; sarve — all of them; suparṇāya — to Garuḍa; mahā-ātmane — the powerful.
Translation
Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: To avoid being eaten by Garuḍa, the serpents had previously made an arrangement with him whereby they would each make a monthly offering of tribute at the base of a tree. Thus every month on schedule, O mighty-armed King Parīkṣit, each serpent would duly make his offering to that powerful carrier of Viṣṇu as a purchase of protection.
Purport
Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī has given an alternate explanation of this verse. Upahāryaiḥ may also be translated as “by those who are to be eaten,” and sarpa-janaiḥ as “those human beings who were dominated by or who belonged to the serpent race.” According to this reading, a group of human beings had fallen under the control of the serpents and were prone to be eaten by them. To avoid this, the human beings would make a monthly offering to the serpents, who in turn would offer a portion of that offering to Garuḍa so that he would not eat them. The particular translation given above is based on the commentary of Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī and the translation by Śrīla Prabhupāda in his Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In any case, all the ācāryas agree that the serpents purchased protection from Garuḍa.
Devanagari
कदर्थीकृत्य गरुडं स्वयं तं बुभुजे बलिम् ॥ ४ ॥
Text
kādraveyas tu kāliyaḥ
kadarthī-kṛtya garuḍaṁ
svayaṁ taṁ bubhuje balim
Synonyms
Translation
Although all the other serpents were dutifully making offerings to Garuḍa, one serpent — the arrogant Kāliya, son of Kadru — would eat all these offerings before Garuḍa could claim them. Thus Kāliya directly defied the carrier of Lord Viṣṇu.
Devanagari
विजिघांसुर्महावेग: कालियं समुपाद्रवत् ॥ ५ ॥
Text
bhagavān bhagavat-priyaḥ
vijighāṁsur mahā-vegaḥ
kāliyaṁ samapādravat
Synonyms
Translation
O King, the greatly powerful Garuḍa, who is very dear to the Supreme Lord, became angry when he heard of this. Desiring to kill Kāliya, he rushed toward the serpent with tremendous speed.
Purport
Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī explains that the word mahā-vega indicates that the great speed of Garuḍa cannot be checked by anyone.
Devanagari
प्रत्यभ्ययादुत्थितनैकमस्तक: ।
दद्भि: सुपर्णं व्यदशद् ददायुध:
करालजिह्वोच्छ्वसितोग्रलोचन: ॥ ६ ॥
Text
pratyabhyayād utthita-naika-mastakaḥ
dadbhiḥ suparṇaṁ vyadaśad dad-āyudhaḥ
karāla-jihrocchvasitogra-locanaḥ
Synonyms
tam — him, Garuḍa; āpatantam — attacking; tarasā — swiftly; viṣa — of poison; āyudhaḥ — who possessed the weapon; prati — towards; abhyayāt — ran; utthita — raised; na eka — many; mastakaḥ — his heads; dadbhiḥ — with his fangs; suparṇam — Garuḍa; vyadaśat — he bit; dat-āyudhaḥ — whose fangs were weapons; karāla — fearsome; jihvā — his tongues; ucchvasita — expanded; ugra — and terrible; locanaḥ — his eyes.
Translation
As Garuḍa swiftly fell upon him, Kāliya, who had the weapon of poison, raised his numerous heads to counterattack. Showing his ferocious tongues and expanding his horrible eyes, Kāliya then bit Garuḍa with the weapons of his fangs.
Purport
The ācāryas explain that Kāliya used his weapon of poison at a distance by spitting venom upon his enemy and at short range by biting him with his terrible fangs.
Devanagari
प्रचण्डवेगो मधुसूदनासन: ।
पक्षेण सव्येन हिरण्यरोचिषा
जघान कद्रुसुतमुग्रविक्रम: ॥ ७ ॥
Text
pracaṇḍa-vego madhusūdanāsanaḥ
pakṣeṇa savyena hiraṇya-rociṣā
jaghāna kadru-sutam ugra-vikramaḥ
Synonyms
tam — him, Kāliya; tārkṣya-putraḥ — the son of Kaśyapa; saḥ — he, Garuḍa; nirasya — warding off; manyu-mān — full of anger; pracaṇḍa-vegaḥ — moving with terrible swiftness; madhusūdana-āsanaḥ — the carrier of Lord Madhusūdana, Kṛṣṇa; pakṣeṇa — with his wing; savyena — left; hiraṇya — like gold; rociṣā — the effulgence of which; jaghāna — he struck; kadru-sutam — the son of Kadru (Kāliya); ugra — mighty; vikramaḥ — his prowess.
Translation
The angry son of Tārkṣya moved with overwhelming speed in repelling Kāliya’s attack. That terribly powerful carrier of Lord Madhusūdana struck the son of Kadru with his left wing, which shone like gold.
Devanagari
ह्रदं विवेश कालिन्द्यास्तदगम्यं दुरासदम् ॥ ८ ॥
Text
kāliyo ’tīva vihvalaḥ
hradaṁ viveśa kālindyās
tad-agamyaṁ durāsadam
Synonyms
Translation
Beaten by Garuḍa’s wing, Kāliya was extremely distraught, and thus he took shelter of a lake adjoining the river Yamunā. Garuḍa could not enter this lake. Indeed, he could not even approach it.
Devanagari
निवारित: सौभरिणा प्रसह्य क्षुधितोऽहरत् ॥ ९ ॥
Text
garuḍo bhakṣyam īpsitam
nivāritaḥ saubhariṇā
prasahya kṣudhito ’harat
Synonyms
Translation
In that very lake Garuḍa had once desired to eat a fish — fish being, after all, his normal food. Although forbidden by the sage Saubhari, who was meditating there within the water, Garuḍa took courage and, feeling hungry, seized the fish.
Purport
Śukadeva Gosvāmī is now explaining why Garuḍa could not approach the lake in the Yamunā River. It is the nature of birds to eat fish, and thus, by the arrangement of the Lord, the great bird Garuḍa does not commit any offense by nourishing himself with fish. On the other hand, Saubhari Muni’s forbidding a much greater personality to eat his normal food did constitute an offense. According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Saubhari committed two offenses: first, he dared to give an order to a supremely exalted soul like Garuḍa, and second, he obstructed Garuḍa from satisfying his desire.
Devanagari
कृपया सौभरि: प्राह तत्रत्यक्षेममाचरन् ॥ १० ॥
Text
dīnān mīna-patau hate
kṛpayā saubhariḥ prāha
tatratya-kṣemam ācaran
Synonyms
Translation
Seeing how the unfortunate fish in that lake had become most unhappy at the death of their leader, Saubhari uttered the following curse under the impression that he was mercifully acting for the benefit of the lake’s residents.
Purport
In this regard Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that when our so-called compassion does not tally with the order of the Supreme Lord, it merely causes a disturbance. Because Saubhari had forbidden Garuḍa’s coming to that lake, Kāliya moved in and made his headquarters there, and this spelled doom for all the lake’s residents.
Devanagari
सद्य: प्राणैर्वियुज्येत सत्यमेतद् ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥ ११ ॥
Text
yadi matsyān sa khādati
sadyaḥ prāṇair viyujyeta
satyam etad bravīmy aham
Synonyms
Translation
If Garuḍa ever again enters this lake and eats the fish here, he will immediately lose his life. What I am saying is the truth.
Purport
The ācāryas explain in this regard that because of Saubhari Muni’s material attachment and affection for a fish, he failed to see the situation from the spiritual viewpoint. The Ninth Canto of Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam describes his falldown for this offense. Because of false pride, Saubhari Muni lost his power of austerity, and with it his spiritual beauty and happiness. When Garuḍa came to the Yamunā, Saubhari Muni thought, “Although he may be a personal associate of the Supreme Lord, I will still curse him and even kill him if he disobeys my order.” Such an offensive attitude against an exalted Vaiṣṇava will certainly destroy one’s auspicious position in life.
As the Ninth Canto describes, Saubhari Muni married many beautiful women, and suffered greatly in their association. But because he had once become glorious by taking shelter of the Yamunā River in Śrī Vṛndāvana, he was ultimately delivered.
Devanagari
अवात्सीद् गरुडाद् भीत: कृष्णेन च विवासित: ॥ १२ ॥
Text
nānyaḥ kaścana lelihaḥ
avātsīd garuḍād bhītaḥ
kṛṣṇena ca vivāsitaḥ
Synonyms
Translation
Of all the serpents, only Kāliya came to know of this affair, and in fear of Garuḍa he took up residence in that Yamunā lake. Later Lord Kṛṣṇa drove him out.
Devanagari
महामणिगणाकीर्णं जाम्बूनदपरिष्कृतम् ॥ १३ ॥
उपलभ्योत्थिता: सर्वे लब्धप्राणा इवासव: ।
प्रमोदनिभृतात्मानो गोपा: प्रीत्याभिरेभिरे ॥ १४ ॥
Text
divya-srag-gandha-vāsasam
mahā-maṇi-gaṇākīrṇaṁ
jāmbūnada-pariṣkṛtam
labdha-prāṇā ivāsavaḥ
pramoda-nibhṛtātmāno
gopāḥ prītyābhirebhire
Synonyms
kṛṣṇam — Lord Kṛṣṇa; hradāt — from out of the lake; viniṣkrāntam — rising up; divya — divine; srak — wearing garlands; gandha — fragrances; vāsasam — and garments; mahā-maṇi-gaṇa — by many fine jewels; ākīrṇam — covered; jāmbūnada — with gold; pariṣkṛtam — decorated; upalabhya — seeing; utthitāḥ — rising up; sarve — all of them; labdha-prāṇāḥ — which have regained their vital force; iva — just as; asavaḥ — senses; pramoda — with joy; nibhṛta-ātmānaḥ — being filled; gopāḥ — the cowherds; prītyā — with affection; abhirebhire — embraced Him.
Translation
[Resuming his description of Kṛṣṇa’s chastisement of Kāliya, Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued:] Kṛṣṇa rose up out of the lake wearing divine garlands, fragrances and garments, covered with many fine jewels, and decorated with gold. When the cowherds saw Him they all stood up immediately, just like an unconscious person’s senses coming back to life. Filled with great joy, they affectionately embraced Him.
Devanagari
कृष्णं समेत्य लब्धेहा आसन् शुष्का नगा अपि ॥ १५ ॥
Text
gopyo gopāś ca kaurava
kṛṣṇaṁ sametya labdhehā
āsan śuṣkā nagā api
Synonyms
yaśodā rohiṇī nandaḥ — Yaśodā, Rohiṇī and Nanda Mahārāja; gopyaḥ — the cowherd ladies; gopāḥ — the cowherd men; ca — and; kaurava — O Parīkṣit, descendant of Kuru; kṛṣṇam — Lord Kṛṣṇa; sametya — meeting; labdha — having regained; īhāḥ — their conscious functions; āsan — they became; śuṣkāḥ — dried up; nagāḥ — the trees; api — even.
Translation
Having regained their vital functions, Yaśodā, Rohiṇī, Nanda and all the other cowherd women and men went up to Kṛṣṇa. O descendant of Kuru, even the dried-up trees came back to life.
Devanagari
प्रेम्णा तमङ्कमारोप्य पुन: पुनरुदैक्षत ।
गावो वृषा वत्सतर्यो लेभिरे परमां मुदम् ॥ १६ ॥
Text
jahāsāsyānubhāva-vit
premṇā tam aṅkam āropya
punaḥ punar udaikṣata
gāvo vṛṣā vatsataryo
lebhire paramāṁ mudam
Synonyms
rāmaḥ — Lord Balarāma; ca — and; acyutam — Kṛṣṇa, the infallible Supreme Personality of Godhead; āliṅgya — embracing; jahāsa — laughed; asya — His; anubhāva-vit — knowing well the omnipotence; premṇā — out of love; tam — Him; aṅkam — up on His own lap; āropya — raising; punaḥ punaḥ — again and again; udaikṣata — looked upon; gāvaḥ — the cows; vṛṣāḥ — the bulls; vatsataryaḥ — the female calves; lebhire — they attained; paramām — supreme; mudam — pleasure.
Translation
Lord Balarāma embraced His infallible brother and laughed, knowing well the extent of Kṛṣṇa’s potency. Out of great feelings of love, Balarāma lifted Kṛṣṇa up on His lap and repeatedly looked at Him. The cows, bulls and young female calves also achieved the highest pleasure.
Devanagari
ऊचुस्ते कालियग्रस्तो दिष्ट्या मुक्तस्तवात्मज: ॥ १७ ॥
Text
guravaḥ sa-kalatrakāḥ
ūcus te kāliya-grasto
diṣṭyā muktas tavātmajaḥ
Synonyms
Translation
All the respectable brāhmaṇas, together with their wives, came forward to greet Nanda Mahārāja. They said to him, “Your son was in the grips of Kāliya, but by the grace of Providence He is now free.”
Devanagari
नन्द: प्रीतमना राजन् गा: सुवर्णं तदादिशत् ॥ १८ ॥
Text
kṛṣṇa-nirmukti-hetave
nandaḥ prīta-manā rājan
gāḥ suvarṇaṁ tadādiśat
Synonyms
Translation
The brāhmaṇas then advised Nanda Mahārāja, “To assure that your son Kṛṣṇa will always be free from danger, you should give charity to the brāhmaṇas.” With a satisfied mind, O King, Nanda Mahārāja then very gladly gave them gifts of cows and gold.
Devanagari
परिष्वज्याङ्कमारोप्य मुमोचाश्रुकलां मुहु: ॥ १९ ॥
Text
naṣṭa-labdha-prajā satī
pariṣvajyāṅkam āropya
mumocāśru-kalāṁ muhuḥ
Synonyms
Translation
The greatly fortunate mother Yaśodā, having lost her son and then regained Him, placed Him on her lap. That chaste lady cried constant torrents of tears as she repeatedly embraced Him.
Devanagari
ऊषुर्व्रयौकसो गाव: कालिन्द्या उपकूलत: ॥ २० ॥
Text
kṣut-tṛḍbhyāṁ śrama-karṣitāḥ
ūṣur vrayaukaso gāvaḥ
kālindyā upakūlataḥ
Synonyms
tām — that; rātrim — night; tatra — there; rāja-indra — O most exalted of kings; kṣut-tṛḍbhyām — by hunger and thirst; śrama — and by fatigue; karṣitāḥ — weakened; ūṣuḥ — they remained; vraja-okasaḥ — the people of Vṛndāvana; gāvaḥ — and the cows; kālindyāḥ — of the Yamunā; upakūlataḥ — near the shore.
Translation
O best of kings [Parīkṣit], because the residents of Vṛndāvana were feeling very weak from hunger, thirst and fatigue, they and the cows spent the night where they were, lying down near the bank of the Kālindī.
Purport
Śrīla Jīva Gosvāmī points out that although the people were weak from hunger and thirst, they did not drink the milk from the cows present there because they feared it had been contaminated by the serpent’s poison. The residents of Vṛndāvana were so overjoyed to get back their beloved Kṛṣṇa that they did not want to go back to their houses. They wanted to stay with Kṛṣṇa on the bank of the Yamunā so that they could continuously see Him. Thus they decided to take rest near the riverbank.
Devanagari
सुप्तं निशीथ आवृत्य प्रदग्धुमुपचक्रमे ॥ २१ ॥
Text
dāvāgniḥ sarvato vrajam
suptaṁ niśītha āvṛtya
pradagdhum upacakrame
Synonyms
Translation
During the night, while all the people of Vṛndāvana were asleep, a great fire blazed up within the dry summer forest. The fire surrounded the inhabitants of Vraja on all sides and began to scorch them.
Purport
Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī and Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura have commented that perhaps a loyal friend of Kāliya had assumed the form of a forest fire to avenge his friend, or perhaps the forest fire was manifest by a demon who was a follower of Kaṁsa’s.
Devanagari
कृष्णं ययुस्ते शरणं मायामनुजमीश्वरम् ॥ २२ ॥
Text
dahyamānā vrajaukasaḥ
kṛṣṇaṁ yayus te śaraṇaṁ
māyā-manujam īśvaram
Synonyms
tataḥ — then; utthāya — waking up; sambhrāntāḥ — agitated; dahyamānāḥ — about to be burned; vraja-okasaḥ — the people of Vraja; kṛṣṇam — to Kṛṣṇa; yayuḥ — went; te — they; śaraṇam — for shelter; māyā — by His potency; manujam — appearing like a human being; īśvaram — the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Translation
Then the residents of Vṛndāvana woke up, extremely disturbed by the great fire threatening to burn them. Thus they took shelter of Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Lord, who by His spiritual potency appeared like an ordinary human being.
Purport
The śruti, or Vedic mantras, state, svarūpa-bhūtayā nitya-śaktyā māyākhyayā: “The Lord’s eternal potency named māyā is innate in His original form.” Thus within the eternal spiritual body of the Supreme Lord there is infinite potency, which effortlessly manipulates all existence according to the omniscient desire of the Absolute Truth. The residents of Vṛndāvana took shelter of Kṛṣṇa, thinking, “This blessed boy will certainly be empowered by God to save us.” They remembered the words of the sage Garga Muni, spoken at the birth ceremony of Lord Kṛṣṇa: anena sarva-durgāṇi yūyam añjas tariṣyatha. “By His power you will easily be able to cross over all obstacles.” (Bhāg. 10.8.16) Therefore the residents of Vṛndāvana, who had full faith in Kṛṣṇa, took shelter of the Lord in hopes of being saved from the impending disaster threatened by the forest fire.
Devanagari
एष घोरतमो वह्निस्तावकान् ग्रसते हि न: ॥ २३ ॥
Text
he rāmāmita-vikrama
eṣa ghoratamo vahnis
tāvakān grasate hi naḥ
Synonyms
Translation
[Vṛndāvana’s residents said:] Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa, O Lord of all opulence! O Rāma, possessor of unlimited power! This most terrible fire is about to devour us, Your devotees!
Devanagari
न शक्नुमस्त्वच्चरणं सन्त्यक्तुमकुतोभयम् ॥ २४ ॥
Text
kālāgneḥ suhṛdaḥ prabho
na śaknumas tvac-caraṇaṁ
santyaktum akuto-bhayam
Synonyms
su-dustarāt — from the insurmountable; naḥ — us; svān — Your own devotees; pāhi — please protect; kāla-agneḥ — from the fire of death; suhṛdaḥ — Your true friends; prabho — O supreme master; na śaknumaḥ — we are incapable; tvat-caraṇam — Your feet; santyaktum — to give up; akutaḥ-bhayam — which drive away all fear.
Translation
O Lord, we are Your true friends and devotees. Please protect us from this insurmountable fire of death. We can never give up Your lotus feet, which drive away all fear.
Purport
The residents of Vṛndāvana told Kṛṣṇa, “If this deadly fire overcomes us, we will be separated from Your lotus feet, and this is unbearable for us. Therefore, just so that we can go on serving Your lotus feet, please protect us.”
Devanagari
तमग्निमपिबत्तीव्रमनन्तोऽनन्तशक्तिधृक् ॥ २५ ॥
Text
nirīkṣya jagad-īśvaraḥ
tam agnim apibat tīvram
ananto ’nanta-śakti-dhṛk
Synonyms
ittham — in this manner; sva-jana — of His own devotees; vaiklavyam — the disturbed condition; nirīkṣya — seeing; jagat-īśvaraḥ — the Lord of the universe; tam — that; agnim — fire; apibat — drank; tīvram — terrible; anantaḥ — the unlimited Lord; ananta-śakti-dhṛk — the possessor of unlimited potencies.
Translation
Seeing His devotees so disturbed, Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the infinite Lord of the universe and possessor of infinite power, then swallowed the terrible forest fire.
Purport
Thus end the purports of the humble servants of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda to the Tenth Canto, Seventeenth Chapter, of the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled “The History of Kāliya.”