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CHAPTER SIXTEEN

Kṛṣṇa Chastises the Serpent Kāliya

This chapter describes Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s pastime of subduing the serpent Kāliya within the lake adjoining the river Yamunā and His showing mercy to Kāliya in response to the prayers offered by Kāliya’s wives, the Nāgapatnīs.

To restore the purity of the Yamunā’s waters, which had been contaminated by Kāliya’s poison, Lord Kṛṣṇa climbed into a kadamba tree on the riverbank and jumped into the water. Then He began fearlessly playing within the water like a maddened elephant. Kāliya could not tolerate Kṛṣṇa’s trespassing upon his personal residence, and the serpent quickly went up to the Lord and bit Him on the chest. When Kṛṣṇa’s friends saw this, they fell down on the ground unconscious. At that time all sorts of evil omens appeared in Vraja, such as earth tremors, falling stars and the trembling of various creatures’ left limbs.

The residents of Vṛndāvana thought, “Today Kṛṣṇa went to the forest without Balarāma, so we do not know what great misfortune may have befallen Him.” Thinking in this way, they traced the path of Kṛṣṇa’s footprints to the bank of the Yamunā. Within the water of the lake adjoining the river they saw Lord Kṛṣṇa, the very essence of their lives, enwrapped in the coils of a black snake. The residents thought the three worlds had become empty, and they all prepared to enter the water. But Lord Balarāma checked them, knowing well the power of Kṛṣṇa.

Then Lord Kṛṣṇa, seeing how disturbed His friends and relatives had become, expanded His body greatly and forced the serpent to loosen his grip and release Him. Next the Lord began playfully dancing about on the serpent’s hoods. By this wonderful, boisterous dancing, Śrī Kṛṣṇa trampled the serpent’s one thousand hoods until his body slackened. Vomiting blood from his mouths, Kāliya finally understood that Kṛṣṇa was the primeval personality, Lord Nārāyaṇa, the spiritual master of all moving and nonmoving creatures, and he took shelter of Him.

Seeing how very weary Kāliya had become, his wives, the Nāgapatnīs, bowed down at Lord Kṛṣṇa’s lotus feet. Then they offered Him various prayers in hopes of gaining their husband’s freedom: “It is quite fitting that You have brought our cruel husband to this condition. Indeed, by Your anger he has gained great benefit. What piety Kāliya must have amassed in his previous lives! Today he has borne upon his head the dust of the lotus feet of the Personality of Godhead, the attainment of which is difficult for even the mother of the universe, the goddess Lakṣmī. Please kindly forgive the offense Kāliya has committed out of ignorance, and allow him to live.”

Satisfied by the Nāgapatnīs’ prayers, Kṛṣṇa released Kāliya, who slowly regained his sensory and vital powers. Then Kāliya, in a distressed voice, acknowledged the offense he had committed, and finally he offered Kṛṣṇa many prayers and said he was ready to accept His command. Kṛṣṇa told him to leave the Yamunā lake with his family and return to Ramaṇaka Island.

Devanagari

श्रीशुक उवाच
विलोक्य दूषितां कृष्णां कृष्ण: कृष्णाहिना विभु: ।
तस्या विशुद्धिमन्विच्छन् सर्पं तमुदवासयत् ॥ १ ॥

Text

śrī-śuka uvāca
vilokya dūṣitāṁ kṛṣṇāṁ
kṛṣṇaḥ kṛṣṇāhinā vibhuḥ
tasyā viśuddhim anvicchan
sarpaṁ tam udavāsayat

Synonyms

śrī-śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said; vilokya — seeing; dūṣitām — contaminated; kṛṣṇām — the river Yamunā; kṛṣṇaḥ — Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa; kṛṣṇa-ahinā — by the black serpent; vibhuḥ — the almighty Lord; tasyāḥ — of the river; viśuddhim — the purification; anvicchan — desiring; sarpam — serpent; tam — that; udavāsayat — sent away.

Translation

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, seeing that the Yamunā River had been contaminated by the black snake Kāliya, desired to purify the river, and thus the Lord banished him from it.

Devanagari

श्रीराजोवाच
कथमन्तर्जलेऽगाधे न्यगृह्णाद् भगवानहिम् ।
स वै बहुयुगावासं यथासीद् विप्र कथ्यताम् ॥ २ ॥

Text

śrī-rājovāca
katham antar-jale ’gādhe
nyagṛhṇād bhagavān ahim
sa vai bahu-yugāvāsaṁ
yathāsīd vipra kathyatām

Synonyms

śrī-rājā uvāca — King Parīkṣit said; katham — how; antaḥ-jale — within the water; agādhe — unfathomable; nyagṛhṇāt — subdued; bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; ahim — the serpent; saḥ — he, Kāliya; vai — indeed; bahu-yuga — for many ages; āvāsam — having residence; yathā — how; āsīt — so became; vipra — O learned brāhmaṇa; kathyatām — please explain.

Translation

King Parīkṣit inquired: O learned sage, please explain how the Supreme Personality of Godhead chastised the serpent Kāliya within the unfathomable waters of the Yamunā, and how it was that Kāliya had been living there for so many ages.

Devanagari

ब्रह्मन् भगवतस्तस्य भूम्न: स्वच्छन्दवर्तिन: ।
गोपालोदारचरितं कस्तृप्येतामृतं जुषन् ॥ ३ ॥

Text

brahman bhagavatas tasya
bhūmnaḥ svacchanda-vartinaḥ
gopālodāra-caritaṁ
kas tṛpyetāmṛtaṁ juṣan

Synonyms

brahman — O brāhmaṇa; bhagavataḥ — of the Supreme Lord; tasya — of Him; bhūmnaḥ — the unlimited; sva-chanda-vartinaḥ — who acts according to His own desires; gopāla — as a cowherd boy; udāra — magnanimous; caritam — the pastimes; kaḥ — who; tṛpyeta — can be satiated; amṛtam — such nectar; juṣan — partaking of.

Translation

O brāhmaṇa, the unlimited Supreme Personality of Godhead freely acts according to His own desires. Who could be satiated when hearing the nectar of the magnanimous pastimes He performed as a cowherd boy in Vṛndāvana?

Devanagari

श्रीशुक उवाच
कालिन्द्यां कालियस्यासीद् ह्रद: कश्चिद् विषाग्निना ।
श्रप्यमाणपया यस्मिन् पतन्त्युपरिगा: खगा: ॥ ४ ॥

Text

śrī-śuka uvāca
kālindyāṁ kāliyasyāsīd
hradaḥ kaścid viṣāgninā
śrapyamāṇa-payā yasmin
patanty upari-gāḥ khagāḥ

Synonyms

śrī-śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said; kālindyām — within the river Yamunā; kāliyasya — of the serpent Kāliya; āsīt — there was; hradaḥ — lake; kaścit — a certain; viṣa — of his poison; agninā — by the fire; śrapyamāṇa — being heated and boiled; payāḥ — its water; yasmin — into which; patanti — would fall down; upari-gāḥ — traveling above; khagāḥ — the birds.

Translation

Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Within the river Kālindī [Yamunā] was a lake inhabited by the serpent Kāliya, whose fiery poison constantly heated and boiled its waters. Indeed, the vapors thus created were so poisonous that birds flying over the contaminated lake would fall down into it.

Purport

In this regard the ācāryas explain that the Kāliya lake was situated apart from the main current of the river; otherwise the Yamunā’s waters would have been poisonous even in cities like Mathurā and in other places farther away.

Devanagari

विप्रुष्मता विषदोर्मिमारुतेनाभिमर्शिता: ।
म्रियन्ते तीरगा यस्य प्राणिन: स्थिरजङ्गमा: ॥ ५ ॥

Text

vipruṣmatā viṣadormi-
mārutenābhimarśitāḥ
mriyante tīra-gā yasya
prāṇinaḥ sthira-jaṅgamāḥ

Synonyms

vipruṭ-matā — containing droplets of the water; viṣa-da — poisonous; ūrmi — (having touched) the waves; mārutena — by the wind; abhimarśitāḥ — contacted; mriyante — would die; tīra-gāḥ — present upon the shore; yasya — of which; prāṇinaḥ — all living entities; sthira-jaṅgamāḥ — both nonmoving and moving.

Translation

The wind blowing over that deadly lake carried droplets of water to the shore. Simply by coming in contact with that poisonous breeze, all vegetation and creatures on the shore died.

Purport

The word sthira, “unmoving creatures,” refers to various types of vegetation including trees, and jaṅgama refers to moving creatures such as animals, reptiles, birds and insects. Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī has quoted a further description of this lake from the Śrī Hari-vaṁśa (Viṣṇu-parva 11.42, 11.44 and 11.46):

dīrghaṁ yojana-vistāraṁ
dustaraṁ tridaśair api
gambhīram akṣobhya-jalaṁ
niṣkampam iva sāgaram
duḥkhopasarpaṁ tīreṣu
sa-sarpair vipulair bilaiḥ
viṣāraṇi-bhavasyāgner
dhūmena pariveṣṭitam
tṛṇeṣv api patatsv apsu
jvalantam iva tejasā
samantād yojanaṁ sāgraṁ
tīreṣv api durāsadam

“The lake was quite wide — eight miles across at some points — and even the demigods could not cross over it. The water in the lake was very deep and, like the immovable depths of the ocean, could not be agitated. Approaching the lake was difficult, for its shores were covered with holes in which serpents lived. All around the lake was a fog generated by the fire of the serpents’ poison, and this powerful fire would at once burn up every blade of grass that happened to fall into the water. For a distance of eight miles from the lake, the atmosphere was most unpleasant.”

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī states that by the mystical science of jala-stambha, making solid items out of water, Kāliya had built his own city within the lake.

Devanagari

तं चण्डवेगविषवीर्यमवेक्ष्य तेन
दुष्टां नदीं च खलसंयमनावतार: ।
कृष्ण: कदम्बमधिरुह्य ततोऽतितुङ्ग-
मास्फोट्य गाढरशनो न्यपतद् विषोदे ॥ ६ ॥

Text

taṁ caṇḍa-vega-viṣa-vīryam avekṣya tena
duṣṭāṁ nadīṁ ca khala-saṁyamanāvatāraḥ
kṛṣṇaḥ kadambam adhiruhya tato ’ti-tuṅgam
āsphoṭya gāḍha-raśano nyapatad viṣode

Synonyms

tam — him, Kāliya; caṇḍa-vega — of fearsome power; viṣa — the poison; vīryam — whose strength; avekṣya — seeing; tena — by him; duṣṭām — contaminated; nadīm — the river; ca — and; khala — the envious demons; saṁyamana — for subduing; avatāraḥ — whose descent from the spiritual world; kṛṣṇaḥ — Lord Kṛṣṇa; kadambam — a kadamba tree; adhiruhya — climbing up on; tataḥ — from it; ati-tuṅgam — very high; āsphoṭya — slapping His arms; gāḍha-raśanaḥ — tying His belt firmly; nyapatat — He jumped; viṣa-ude — into the poisoned water.

Translation

Lord Kṛṣṇa saw how the Kāliya serpent had polluted the Yamunā River with his terribly powerful poison. Since Kṛṣṇa had descended from the spiritual world specifically to subdue envious demons, the Lord immediately climbed to the top of a very high kadamba tree and prepared Himself for battle. He tightened His belt, slapped His arms and then jumped into the poisonous water.

Purport

According to the ācāryas, Lord Kṛṣṇa also tied back the locks of His hair as He prepared to do battle with Kāliya.

Devanagari

सर्पह्रद: पुरुषसारनिपातवेग-
सङ्‌क्षोभितोरगविषोच्छ्वसिताम्बुराशि: ।
पर्यक्‍प्लुतो विषकषायबिभीषणोर्मि-
र्धावन् धनु:शतमनन्तबलस्य किं तत् ॥ ७ ॥

Text

sarpa-hradaḥ puruṣa-sāra-nipāta-vega-
saṅkṣobhitoraga-viṣocchvasitāmbu-rāśiḥ
paryak pluto viṣa-kaṣāya-bibhīṣaṇormir
dhāvan dhanuḥ-śatam ananta-balasya kiṁ tat

Synonyms

sarpa-hradaḥ — the serpent’s lake; puruṣa-sāra — of the most exalted Supreme Personality of Godhead; nipāta-vega — by the force of the fall; saṅkṣobhita — completely agitated; uraga — of the snakes; viṣa-ucchvasita — breathed upon with the poison; ambu-rāśiḥ — all of whose water; paryak — on all sides; plutaḥ — flooding; viṣa-kaṣāya — because of the contamination of the poison; bibhīṣaṇa — fearsome; ūrmiḥ — whose waves; dhāvan — flowing; dhanuḥ-śatam — the extent of one hundred bow-lengths; ananta-balasya — for Him whose strength is immeasurable; kim — what; tat — that.

Translation

When the Supreme Personality of Godhead landed in the serpent’s lake, the snakes there became extremely agitated and began breathing heavily, further polluting it with volumes of poison. The force of the Lord’s entrance into the lake caused it to overflow on all sides, and poisonous, fearsome waves flooded the surrounding lands up to a distance of one hundred bow-lengths. This is not at all amazing, however, for the Supreme Lord possesses infinite strength.

Devanagari

तस्य ह्रदे विहरतो भुजदण्डघूर्ण-
वार्घोषमङ्ग वरवारणविक्रमस्य ।
आश्रुत्य तत् स्वसदनाभिभवं निरीक्ष्य
चक्षु:श्रवा: समसरत्तदमृष्यमाण: ॥ ८ ॥

Text

tasya hrade viharato bhuja-daṇḍa-ghūrṇa-
vār-ghoṣam aṅga vara-vāraṇa-vikramasya
āśrutya tat sva-sadanābhibhavaṁ nirīkṣya
cakṣuḥ-śravāḥ samasarat tad amṛṣyamāṇaḥ

Synonyms

tasya — of Him; hrade — in his lake; viharataḥ — who was playing; bhuja-daṇḍa — by His mighty arms; ghūrṇa — swirled about; vāḥ — of the water; ghoṣam — the resounding; aṅga — my dear King; vara-vāraṇa — like a great elephant; vikramasya — whose prowess; āśrutya — hearing; tat — that; sva-sadana — of his own residence; abhibhavam — the trespassing; nirīkṣya — taking note of; cakṣuḥ-śravāḥ — Kāliya; samasarat — came forward; tat — that; amṛṣyamāṇaḥ — being unable to tolerate.

Translation

Kṛṣṇa began sporting in Kāliya’s lake like a lordly elephant — swirling His mighty arms and making the water resound in various ways. When Kāliya heard these sounds, he understood that someone was trespassing in his lake. The serpent could not tolerate this and immediately came forward.

Purport

According to the ācāryas, Lord Kṛṣṇa was producing wonderful musical sounds within the water simply by splashing His hands and arms.

Devanagari

तं प्रेक्षणीयसुकुमारघनावदातं
श्रीवत्सपीतवसनं स्मितसुन्दरास्यम् ।
क्रीडन्तमप्रतिभयं कमलोदराङ्‍‍‍‍‍घ्रि
सन्दश्य मर्मसु रुषा भुजया चछाद ॥ ९ ॥

Text

taṁ prekṣaṇīya-sukumāra-ghanāvadātaṁ
śrīvatsa-pīta-vasanaṁ smita-sundarāsyam
krīḍantam apratibhayaṁ kamalodarāṅghriṁ
sandaśya marmasu ruṣā bhujayā cachāda

Synonyms

tam — Him; prekṣaṇīya — attractive to look at; su-kumāra — most delicate; ghana — like a cloud; avadātam — glowing white; śrīvatsa — wearing the Śrīvatsa mark; pīta — and yellow; vasanam — garments; smita — smiling; sundara — beautiful; āsyam — whose face; krīḍantam — playing; aprati-bhayam — without fear of others; kamala — of a lotus; udara — like the inside; aṅghrim — whose feet; sandaśya — biting; marmasu — upon the chest; ruṣā — with anger; bhujayā — with his snake coils; cachāda — enveloped.

Translation

Kāliya saw that Śrī Kṛṣṇa, who wore yellow silken garments, was very delicate, His attractive body shining like a glowing white cloud, His chest bearing the mark of Śrīvatsa, His face smiling beautifully and His feet resembling the whorl of a lotus flower. The Lord was playing fearlessly in the water. Despite His wonderful appearance, the envious Kāliya furiously bit Him on the chest and then completely enwrapped Him in his coils.

Devanagari

तं नागभोगपरिवीतमद‍ृष्टचेष्ट-
मालोक्य तत्प्रियसखा: पशुपा भृशार्ता: ।
कृष्णेऽर्पितात्मसुहृदर्थकलत्रकामा
दु:खानुशोकभयमूढधियो निपेतु: ॥ १० ॥

Text

taṁ nāga-bhoga-parivītam adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam
ālokya tat-priya-sakhāḥ paśupā bhṛśārtāḥ
kṛṣṇe ’rpitātma-suhṛd-artha-kalatra-kāmā
duḥkhānuśoka-bhaya-mūḍha-dhiyo nipetuḥ

Synonyms

tam — Him; nāga — of the serpent; bhoga — within the coils; parivītam — enveloped; adṛṣṭa-ceṣṭam — not exhibiting any movement; ālokya — seeing; tat-priya-sakhāḥ — His dear friends; paśu-pāḥ — the cowherds; bhṛśa-ārtāḥ — greatly disturbed; kṛṣṇe — unto Lord Kṛṣṇa; arpita — offered; ātma — their very selves; su-hṛt — their relations; artha — wealth; kalatra — wives; kāmāḥ — and all objects of desire; duḥkha — by pain; anuśoka — remorse; bhaya — and fear; mūḍha — bewildered; dhiyaḥ — their intelligence; nipetuḥ — they fell down.

Translation

When the members of the cowherd community, who had accepted Kṛṣṇa as their dearmost friend, saw Him enveloped in the snake’s coils, motionless, they were greatly disturbed. They had offered Kṛṣṇa everything — their very selves, their families, their wealth, wives and all pleasures. At the sight of the Lord in the clutches of the Kāliya snake, their intelligence became deranged by grief, lamentation and fear, and thus they fell to the ground.

Purport

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī explains that the cowherd boys, along with some cowherd men and farmers who happened to be in the vicinity and who were also devotees of Kṛṣṇa, fell to the ground just like trees that had been cut at the root.

Devanagari

गावो वृषा वत्सतर्य: क्रन्दमाना: सुदु:खिता: ।
कृष्णे न्यस्तेक्षणा भीता रुदन्त्य इव तस्थिरे ॥ ११ ॥

Text

gāvo vṛṣā vatsataryaḥ
krandamānāḥ su-duḥkhitāḥ
kṛṣṇe nyastekṣaṇā bhītā
rudantya iva tasthire

Synonyms

gāvaḥ — the cows; vṛṣāḥ — the bulls; vatsataryaḥ — the female calves; krandamānāḥ — crying loudly; su-duḥkhitāḥ — very much distressed; kṛṣṇe — upon Lord Kṛṣṇa; nyasta — fixed; īkṣaṇāḥ — their sight; bhītāḥ — fearful; rudantyaḥ — crying; iva — as if; tasthire — they stood still.

Translation

The cows, bulls and female calves, in great distress, called out piteously to Kṛṣṇa. Fixing their eyes on Him, they stood still in fear, as if ready to cry but too shocked to shed tears.

Devanagari

अथ व्रजे महोत्पातास्त्रिविधा ह्यतिदारुणा: ।
उत्पेतुर्भुवि दिव्यात्मन्यासन्नभयशंसिन: ॥ १२ ॥

Text

atha vraje mahotpātās
tri-vidhā hy ati-dāruṇāḥ
utpetur bhuvi divy ātmany
āsanna-bhaya-śaṁsinaḥ

Synonyms

atha — then; vraje — in Vṛndāvana; mahā-utpātāḥ — very ominous disturbances; tri-vidhāḥ — of the three varieties; hi — indeed; ati-dāruṇāḥ — most fearsome; utpetuḥ — arose; bhuvi — upon the earth; divi — in the sky; ātmani — in the bodies of living creatures; āsanna — imminent; bhaya — danger; saṁśinaḥ — announcing.

Translation

In the Vṛndāvana area there then arose all three types of fearful omens — those on the earth, those in the sky and those in the bodies of living creatures — which announced imminent danger.

Purport

According to Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī, the omens were as follows: on the earth there were disturbing tremors, in the sky there were meteors falling, and in the bodies of creatures there was shivering, as well as quivering of the left eye and other parts of the body. These omens announce imminent danger.

Devanagari

तानालक्ष्य भयोद्विग्ना गोपा नन्दपुरोगमा: ।
विना रामेण गा: कृष्णं ज्ञात्वा चारयितुं गतम् ॥ १३ ॥
तैर्दुर्निमित्तैर्निधनं मत्वा प्राप्तमतद्विद: ।
तत्प्राणास्तन्मनस्कास्ते दु:खशोकभयातुरा: ॥ १४ ॥
आबालवृद्धवनिता: सर्वेऽङ्ग पशुवृत्तय: ।
निर्जग्मुर्गोकुलाद् दीना: कृष्णदर्शनलालसा: ॥ १५ ॥

Text

tān ālakṣya bhayodvignā
gopā nanda-purogamāḥ
vinā rāmeṇa gāḥ kṛṣṇaṁ
jñātvā cārayituṁ gatam
tair durnimittair nidhanaṁ
matvā prāptam atad-vidaḥ
tat-prāṇās tan-manaskās te
duḥkha-śoka-bhayāturāḥ
ā-bāla-vṛddha-vanitāḥ
sarve ’ṅga paśu-vṛttayaḥ
nirjagmur gokulād dīnāḥ
kṛṣṇa-darśana-lālasāḥ

Synonyms

tān — these signs; ālakṣya — seeing; bhaya-udvignāḥ — agitated by fear; gopāḥ — the cowherds; nanda-puraḥ-gamāḥ — headed by Nanda Mahārāja; vinā — without; rāmeṇa — Balarāma; gāḥ — the cows; kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa; jñātvā — understanding; cārayitum — to herd; gatam — gone; taiḥ — from those; durnimittaiḥ — bad omens; nidhanam — destruction; matvā — considering; prāptam — attained; atat-vidaḥ — not knowing His opulences; tat-prāṇāḥ — having Him as their very source of life; tat-manaskāḥ — their minds being absorbed in Him; te — they; duḥkha — by pain; śoka — unhappiness; bhaya — and fear; āturāḥ — overwhelmed; ā-bāla — including the children; vṛddha — old persons; vanitāḥ — and ladies; sarve — all; aṅga — my dear King Parīkṣit; paśu-vṛttayaḥ — behaving as an affectionate cow does toward her calf; nirjagmuḥ — they went out; gokulāt — from Gokula; dīnāḥ — feeling wretched; kṛṣṇa-darśana — for the sight of Lord Kṛṣṇa; lālasāḥ — anxious.

Translation

Seeing the inauspicious omens, Nanda Mahārāja and the other cowherd men were fearful, for they knew that Kṛṣṇa had gone to herd the cows that day without His elder brother, Balarāma. Because they had dedicated their minds to Kṛṣṇa, accepting Him as their very life, they were unaware of His great power and opulence. Thus they concluded that the inauspicious omens indicated He had met with death, and they were overwhelmed with grief, lamentation and fear. All the inhabitants of Vṛndāvana, including the children, women and elderly persons, thought of Kṛṣṇa just as a cow thinks of her helpless young calf, and thus these poor, suffering people rushed out of the village, intent upon finding Him.

Devanagari

तांस्तथा कातरान् वीक्ष्य भगवान् माधवो बल: ।
प्रहस्य किञ्चिन्नोवाच प्रभावज्ञोऽनुजस्य स: ॥ १६ ॥

Text

tāṁs tathā kātarān vīkṣya
bhagavān mādhavo balaḥ
prahasya kiñcin novāca
prabhāva-jño ’nujasya saḥ

Synonyms

tān — them; tathā — in such a condition; kātarān — distressed; vīkṣya — seeing; bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; mādhavaḥ — the master of all mystic knowledge; balaḥ — Lord Balarāma; prahasya — gently smiling; kiñcit — anything at all; na — did not; uvāca — say; prabhāva-jñaḥ — knowing the power; anujasya — of His younger brother; saḥ — He.

Translation

The Supreme Lord Balarāma, the master of all transcendental knowledge, smiled and said nothing when He saw the residents of Vṛndāvana in such distress, since He understood the extraordinary power of His younger brother.

Purport

Śrī Balarāma is the plenary expansion of Lord Kṛṣṇa and is thus nondifferent from Him. They are, in fact, the same Absolute Truth manifest in separate forms. According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Lord Balarāma was laughing because He thought, “Kṛṣṇa never cares to play with Me in My form of Śeṣa Nāga, but now He is playing with this ordinary, mundane snake named Kāliya.”

The question may arise as to why Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma allowed Their loving devotees to suffer such great anguish during Kṛṣṇa’s temporary imprisonment within the coils of Kāliya. It must be remembered that because the inhabitants of Vṛndāvana were completely liberated souls, they did not experience material emotions. When they saw their beloved Kṛṣṇa in apparent danger, their love for Him intensified to the highest degree, and thus they merged completely into the ecstasy of love for Him. The whole situation has to be seen from the spiritual point of view, or it will not be seen at all.

Devanagari

तेऽन्वेषमाणा दयितं कृष्णं सूचितया पदै: ।
भगवल्लक्षणैर्जग्मु: पदव्या यमुनातटम् ॥ १७ ॥

Text

te ’nveṣamāṇā dayitaṁ
kṛṣṇaṁ sūcitayā padaiḥ
bhagaval-lakṣaṇair jagmuḥ
padavyā yamunā-taṭam

Synonyms

te — they; anveṣamāṇāḥ — searching out; dayitam — their dearmost; kṛṣṇam — Kṛṣṇa; sūcitayā — (along the path) which was marked; padaiḥ — by His footprints; bhagavat-lakṣaṇaiḥ — the symbolic markings of the Personality of Godhead; jagmuḥ — they went; padavyā — along the path; yamunā-taṭam — to the bank of the Yamunā.

Translation

The residents hurried toward the banks of the Yamunā in search of their dearmost Kṛṣṇa, following the path marked by His footprints, which bore the unique signs of the Personality of Godhead.

Devanagari

ते तत्र तत्राब्जयवाङ्कुशाशनि-
ध्वजोपपन्नानि पदानि विश्पते: ।
मार्गे गवामन्यपदान्तरान्तरे
निरीक्षमाणा ययुरङ्ग सत्वरा: ॥ १८ ॥

Text

te tatra tatrābja-yavāṅkuśāśani-
dhvajopapannāni padāni viś-pateḥ
mārge gavām anya-padāntarāntare
nirīkṣamāṇā yayur aṅga satvarāḥ

Synonyms

te — they; tatra tatra — here and there; abja — with the lotus flower; yava — barleycorn; aṅkuśa — elephant goad; aśani — thunderbolt; dhvaja — and flag; upapannāni — adorned; padāni — the footprints; viṭ-pateḥ — of Lord Kṛṣṇa, the master of the cowherd community; mārge — upon the path; gavām — of the cows; anya-pada — the other footprints; antara-antare — dispersed among; nirīkṣamāṇāḥ — seeing; yuyuḥ — they went; aṅga — my dear King; sa-tvarāḥ — rapidly.

Translation

The footprints of Lord Kṛṣṇa, the master of the entire cowherd community, were marked with the lotus flower, barleycorn, elephant goad, thunderbolt and flag. My dear King Parīkṣit, seeing His footprints on the path among the cows’ hoofprints, the residents of Vṛndāvana rushed along in great haste.

Purport

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī comments as follows: “Since Lord Kṛṣṇa had passed along the path some time previously, why weren’t His footprints, which were surrounded by those of cows, cowherd boys and so on, smudged over and brushed away? Why hadn’t His footprints been obliterated by those of the beasts and birds of Vṛndāvana forest? The answer is indicated by the word viś-pati, master of the cowherd community. Since Lord Kṛṣṇa is actually the wealth of all living beings, all the inhabitants of the forest of Vraja would carefully preserve His footprints as great treasures, the very ornaments of the earth. Thus no creature within Vṛndāvana would ever walk upon Lord Kṛṣṇa’s footprints.”

Devanagari

अन्तर्ह्रदे भुजगभोगपरीतमारात्
कृष्णं निरीहमुपलभ्य जलाशयान्ते ।
गोपांश्च मूढधिषणान् परित: पशूंश्च
सङ्क्रन्दत: परमकश्मलमापुरार्ता: ॥ १९ ॥

Text

antar hrade bhujaga-bhoga-parītam ārāt
kṛṣṇaṁ nirīham upalabhya jalāśayānte
gopāṁś ca mūḍha-dhiṣaṇān paritaḥ paśūṁś ca
saṅkrandataḥ parama-kaśmalam āpur ārtāḥ

Synonyms

antaḥ — within; hrade — the lake; bhujaga — of the serpent; bhoga — within the body; parītam — enveloped; ārāt — from a distance; kṛṣṇam — Lord Kṛṣṇa; nirīham — not moving; upalabhya — seeing; jala-āśaya — the body of water; ante — within; gopān — the cowherd boys; ca — and; mūḍha-dhiṣaṇān — unconscious; paritaḥ — surrounding; paśūn — the animals; ca — and; saṅkrandataḥ — crying out; parama-kaśmalam — the greatest bewilderment; āpuḥ — they experienced; ārtāḥ — being distressed.

Translation

As they hurried along the path to the bank of the Yamunā River, they saw from a distance that Kṛṣṇa was in the lake, motionless within the coils of the black serpent. They further saw that the cowherd boys had fallen unconscious and that the animals were standing on all sides, crying out for Kṛṣṇa. Seeing all this, the residents of Vṛndāvana were overwhelmed with anguish and confusion.

Purport

In their grief and panic, the residents of Vṛndāvana tried to find out whether Kāliya had forcibly dragged young Kṛṣṇa from the shore into the water, or whether Kṛṣṇa had Himself jumped from the shore and fallen into the clutches of the snake. They could not understand anything about the situation, and Kṛṣṇa’s cowherd boyfriends, being unconscious, were unable to tell them anything. The cows and calves were crying out for Kṛṣṇa, and thus the whole situation was overwhelming and created a state of shock and panic among the residents of Vṛndāvana.

Devanagari

गोप्योऽनुरक्तमनसो भगवत्यनन्ते
तत्सौहृदस्मितविलोकगिर: स्मरन्त्य: ।
ग्रस्तेऽहिना प्रियतमे भृशदु:खतप्ता:
शून्यं प्रियव्यतिहृतं दद‍ृशुस्त्रिलोकम् ॥ २० ॥

Text

gopyo ’nurakta-manaso bhagavaty anante
tat-sauhṛda-smita-viloka-giraḥ smarantyaḥ
graste ’hinā priyatame bhṛśa-duḥkha-taptāḥ
śūnyaṁ priya-vyatihṛtaṁ dadṛśus tri-lokam

Synonyms

gopyaḥ — the cowherd girls; anurakta-manasaḥ — their minds very much attached to Him; bhagavati — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; anante — the unlimited one; tat — His; sauhṛda — loving; smita — smiling; viloka — glances; giraḥ — and words; smarantyaḥ — remembering; graste — being seized; ahinā — by the serpent; priya-tame — their most dear; bhṛśa — extremely; duḥkha — by pain; taptāḥ — tormented; śūnyam — empty; priya-vyatihṛtam — deprived of their darling; dadṛśuḥ — they saw; tri-lokam — all the three worlds (the entire universe).

Translation

When the young gopīs, whose minds were constantly attached to Kṛṣṇa, the unlimited Supreme Lord, saw that He was now within the grips of the serpent, they remembered His loving friendship, His smiling glances and His talks with them. Burning with great sorrow, they saw the entire universe as void.

Devanagari

ता: कृष्णमातरमपत्यमनुप्रविष्टां
तुल्यव्यथा: समनुगृह्य शुच: स्रवन्त्य: ।
तास्ता व्रजप्रियकथा: कथयन्त्य आसन्
कृष्णाननेऽर्पितद‍ृशो मृतकप्रतीका: ॥ २१ ॥

Text

tāḥ kṛṣṇa-mātaram apatyam anupraviṣṭāṁ
tulya-vyathāḥ samanugṛhya śucaḥ sravantyaḥ
tās tā vraja-priya-kathāḥ kathayantya āsan
kṛṣṇānane ’rpita-dṛśo mṛtaka-pratīkāḥ

Synonyms

tāḥ — those ladies; kṛṣṇa-mātaram — the mother of Kṛṣṇa (Yaśodā); apatyam — upon her son; anupraviṣṭām — fixing her vision; tulya — equally; vyathāḥ — pained; samanugṛhya — holding back firmly; śucaḥ — floods of sorrow; sravantyaḥ — spilling forth; tāḥ tāḥ — each of them; vraja-priya — of the darling of Vraja; kathāḥ — topics; kathayantyaḥ — speaking; āsan — they stood; kṛṣṇa-ānane — unto the face of Lord Kṛṣṇa; arpita — offered; dṛśaḥ — their eyes; mṛtaka — corpses; pratīkāḥ — resembling.

Translation

Although the elder gopīs were feeling just as much distress as she and were pouring forth a flood of sorrowful tears, they had to forcibly hold back Kṛṣṇa’s mother, whose consciousness was totally absorbed in her son. Standing like corpses, with their eyes fixed upon His face, these gopīs each took turns recounting the pastimes of the darling of Vraja.

Devanagari

कृष्णप्राणान्निर्विशतो नन्दादीन् वीक्ष्य तं ह्रदम् ।
प्रत्यषेधत् स भगवान् राम: कृष्णानुभाववित् ॥ २२ ॥

Text

kṛṣṇa-prāṇān nirviśato
nandādīn vīkṣya taṁ hradam
pratyaṣedhat sa bhagavān
rāmaḥ kṛṣṇānubhāva-vit

Synonyms

kṛṣṇa-prāṇān — the men whose very life and soul was Kṛṣṇa; nirviśataḥ — entering; nanda-ādīn — headed by Nanda Mahārāja; vīkṣya — seeing; tam — that; hradam — lake; pratyaṣedhat — forbade; saḥ — He; bhagavān — the all-powerful Lord; rāmaḥ — Balarāma; kṛṣṇa — of Lord Kṛṣṇa; anubhāva — the power; vit — knowing well.

Translation

Lord Balarāma then saw that Nanda Mahārāja and the other cowherd men, who had dedicated their very lives to Kṛṣṇa, were beginning to enter the serpent’s lake. As the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Balarāma fully knew Lord Kṛṣṇa’s actual power, and therefore He restrained them.

Purport

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī explains that Lord Balarāma checked some of the cowherd men by speaking to them, others by physically holding them and still others by casting upon them His potent smiling glance. Distraught over the situation, they were prepared to give up their lives for Lord Kṛṣṇa by entering the serpent’s lake.

Devanagari

इत्थं स्वगोकुलमनन्यगतिं निरीक्ष्य
सस्त्रीकुमारमतिदु:खितमात्महेतो: ।
आज्ञाय मर्त्यपदवीमनुवर्तमान:
स्थित्वा मुहूर्तमुदतिष्ठदुरङ्गबन्धात् ॥ २३ ॥

Text

ittham sva-gokulam ananya-gatiṁ nirīkṣya
sa-strī-kumāram ati-duḥkhitam ātma-hetoḥ
ājñāya martya-padavīm anuvartamānaḥ
sthitvā muhūrtam udatiṣṭhad uraṅga-bandhāt

Synonyms

ittham — in this fashion; sva-gokulam — His own community of Gokula; ananya-gatim — having no other goal or shelter (than Him); nirīkṣya — observing; sa-strī — including the women; kumāram — and children; ati-duḥkhitam — extremely distressed; ātma-hetoḥ — on His account; ājñāya — understanding; martya-padavīm — the way of mortals; anuvartamānaḥ — imitating; sthitvā — remaining; muhūrtam — for some time; udatiṣṭhat — He rose up; uraṅga — of the serpent; bandhāt — from the bonds.

Translation

The Lord remained for some time within the coils of the serpent, imitating the behavior of an ordinary mortal. But when He understood that the women, children and other residents of His village of Gokula were in acute distress because of their love for Him, their only shelter and goal in life, He immediately rose up from the bonds of the Kāliya serpent.

Devanagari

तत्प्रथ्यमानवपुषा व्यथितात्मभोग-
स्त्यक्त्वोन्नमय्य कुपित: स्वफणान् भुजङ्ग: ।
तस्थौ श्वसञ्छ्वसनरन्ध्रविषाम्बरीष-
स्तब्धेक्षणोल्मुकमुखो हरिमीक्षमाण: ॥ २४ ॥

Text

tat-prathyamāna-vapuṣā vyathitātma-bhogas
tyaktvonnamayya kupitaḥ sva-phaṇān bhujaṅgaḥ
tasthau śvasañ chvasana-randhra-viṣāmbarīṣa-
stabdhekṣaṇolmuka-mukho harim īkṣamāṇaḥ

Synonyms

tat — of Him, Lord Kṛṣṇa; prathyamāna — expanding; vapuṣā — by the transcendental body; vyathita — pained; ātma — his own; bhogaḥ — serpent body; tyaktvā — giving Him up; unnamayya — raising high; kupitaḥ — angered; sva-phaṇān — his hoods; bhujaṅga — the serpent; tasthau — stood still; śvasan — breathing heavily; śvasana-randhra — his nostrils; viṣa-ambarīṣa — like two vessels for cooking poison; stabdha — fixed; īkṣaṇa — his eyes; ulmuka — like firebrands; mukhaḥ — his face; harim — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; īkṣamāṇaḥ — observing.

Translation

His coils tormented by the expanding body of the Lord, Kāliya released Him. In great anger the serpent then raised his hoods high and stood still, breathing heavily. His nostrils appeared like vessels for cooking poison, and the staring eyes in his face like firebrands. Thus the serpent looked at the Lord.

Devanagari

तं जिह्वया द्विशिखया परिलेलिहानं
द्वे सृक्‍वणी ह्यतिकरालविषाग्निद‍ृष्टिम् ।
क्रीडन्नमुं परिससार यथा खगेन्द्रो
बभ्राम सोऽप्यवसरं प्रसमीक्षमाण: ॥ २५ ॥

Text

taṁ jihvayā dvi-śikhayā parilelihānaṁ
dve sṛkvaṇī hy ati-karāla-viṣāgni-dṛṣṭim
krīḍann amuṁ parisasāra yathā khagendro
babhrāma so ’py avasaraṁ prasamīkṣamāṇaḥ

Synonyms

tam — him, Kāliya; jihvayā — with his tongue; dvi-śikhayā — having two points; parilelihānam — repeatedly licking; dve — his two; sṛkvaṇī — lips; hi — indeed; ati-karāla — most terrible; viṣa-agni — full of poisonous fire; dṛṣṭim — whose glance; krīḍan — playing; amum — him; parisasāra — moved around; yathā — just as; khaga-indraḥ — the king of birds, Garuḍa; babhrāma — wandered around; saḥ — Kāliya; api — also; avasaram — the opportunity (to strike); prasamīkṣamāṇaḥ — carefully looking for.

Translation

Again and again Kāliya licked his lips with his bifurcated tongues as He stared at Kṛṣṇa with a glance full of terrible, poisonous fire. But Kṛṣṇa playfully circled around him, just as Garuḍa would play with a snake. In response, Kāliya also moved about, looking for an opportunity to bite the Lord.

Purport

Lord Kṛṣṇa moved around the serpent so skillfully that Kāliya could find no opportunity to bite Him. Thus the snake was defeated by Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s transcendental agility.

Devanagari

एवं परिभ्रमहतौजसमुन्नतांस-
मानम्य तत्पृथुशिर:स्वधिरूढ आद्य: ।
तन्मूर्धरत्ननिकरस्पर्शातिताम्र-
पादाम्बुजोऽखिलकलादिगुरुर्ननर्त ॥ २६ ॥

Text

evaṁ paribhrama-hataujasam unnatāṁsam
ānamya tat-pṛthu-śiraḥsv adhirūḍha ādyaḥ
tan-mūrdha-ratna-nikara-sparśāti-tāmra-
pādāmbujo ’khila-kalādi-gurur nanarta

Synonyms

evam — in this way; paribhrama — because of the Lord’s moving around him; hata — spoiled; ojasam — whose strength; unnata — raised high; aṁsam — whose shoulders; ānamya — making him bend down; tat — his; pṛthu-śiraḥsu — onto the broad heads; adhirūḍhaḥ — having climbed up; ādyaḥ — the ultimate origin of everything; tat — his; mūrdha — on the heads; ratna-nikara — the numerous jewels; sparśa — because of touching; ati-tāmra — very much reddened; pāda-ambujaḥ — whose lotus feet; akhila-kalā — of all arts; ādi-guruḥ — the original spiritual master; nanarta — began to dance.

Translation

Having severely depleted the serpent’s strength with His relentless circling, Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the origin of everything, pushed down Kāliya’s raised shoulders and mounted his broad serpentine heads. Thus Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, the original master of all fine arts, began to dance, His lotus feet deeply reddened by the touch of the numerous jewels upon the serpent’s heads.

Purport

Śrī Hari-vaṁśa states, śiraḥ sa kṛṣṇo jagrāha sva-hastenāvanamya: “Kṛṣṇa grabbed Kāliya’s head with His hand and forced it to bow down.” Most people in this world are quite reluctant to bow down to the Supreme Person, the Absolute Truth. In the contaminated state called material consciousness, we conditioned souls become proud of our insignificant position and are thus reluctant to bow our heads before the Lord. Yet just as Lord Kṛṣṇa forcibly pushed Kāliya’s heads down and thus defeated him, the Supreme Lord’s energy in the form of irresistible time kills all conditioned souls and thus forces them to bow down their arrogant heads. We should therefore give up the artificial position of material life and become faithful servants of the Supreme Lord, enthusiastically bowing down at His lotus feet.

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that Lord Kṛṣṇa’s lotus feet became red like copper because of their contact with the numerous hard jewels upon the heads of Kāliya. Lord Kṛṣṇa, with those glowing reddish feet, then began to demonstrate His artistic skill by dancing on the unsteady, moving surface of the serpent’s hoods. This extraordinary demonstration of dancing skill was meant for the pleasure of the young women of Vṛndāvana, who at this phase of their relationship with Kṛṣṇa were seriously falling in love with Him.

Devanagari

तं नर्तुमुद्यतमवेक्ष्य तदा तदीय-
गन्धर्वसिद्धमुनिचारणदेववध्व: ।
प्रीत्या मृदङ्गपणवानकवाद्यगीत-
पुष्पोपहारनुतिभि: सहसोपसेदु: ॥ २७ ॥

Text

taṁ nartum udyatam avekṣya tadā tadīya-
gandharva-siddha-muni-cāraṇa-deva-vadhvaḥ
prītyā mṛdaṅga-paṇavānaka-vādya-gīta-
puṣpopahāra-nutibhiḥ sahasopaseduḥ

Synonyms

tam — Him; nartum — in dancing; udyatam — engaged; avekṣya — taking note of; tadā — then; tadīya — His servants; gandharva-siddha — the Gandharvas and Siddhas; muni-cāraṇa — the sages and the Cāraṇas; deva-vadhvaḥ — the wives of the demigods; prītyā — with great pleasure; mṛdaṅga-paṇava-ānaka — of various kinds of drums; vādya — with musical accompaniment; gīta — song; puṣpa — flowers; upahāra — other presentations; nutibhiḥ — and prayers; sahasā — immediately; upaseduḥ — arrived.

Translation

Seeing the Lord dancing, His servants in the heavenly planets — the Gandharvas, Siddhas, sages, Cāraṇas and wives of the demigods — immediately arrived there. With great pleasure they began accompanying the Lord’s dancing by playing drums such as mṛdaṅgas, paṇavas and ānakas. They also made offerings of songs, flowers and prayers.

Purport

When the demigods and other residents of higher planetary systems became aware that Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa was personally putting on a wonderful demonstration of the art of dancing, they immediately came to offer their services. Dancing becomes more enjoyable and beautiful to watch when it is accompanied by expert drum-playing, singing and the chanting of prayers. The artistic atmosphere was also enhanced by the showering of a multitude of flowers upon Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, who was blissfully engaged in dancing upon the hoods of the Kāliya serpent.

Devanagari

यद् यच्छिरो न नमतेऽङ्ग शतैकशीर्ष्ण-
स्तत्तन् ममर्द खरदण्डधरोऽङ्‍‍‍‍‍घ्रिपातै: ।
क्षीणायुषो भ्रमत उल्बणमास्यतोऽसृङ्
नस्तो वमन् परमकश्मलमाप नाग: ॥ २८ ॥

Text

yad yac chiro na namate ’ṅga śataika-śīrṣṇas
tat tan mamarda khara-daṇḍa-dharo ’ṅghri-pātaiḥ
kṣīṇāyuṣo bhramata ulbaṇam āsyato ’sṛṅ
nasto vaman parama-kaśmalam āpa nāgaḥ

Synonyms

yat yat — whichever; śiraḥ — heads; na namate — would not bow down; aṅga — my dear King Parīkṣit; śata-eka-śīrṣṇaḥ — of him who had 101 heads; tat tat — those; mamarda — trampled down; khara — on those who are evil; daṇḍa — punishment; dharaḥ — the Lord who exerts; aṅghri-pātaiḥ — with the blows of His feet; kṣīṇa-āyuṣaḥ — of Kāliya, whose life was becoming depleted; bhramataḥ — who was still moving about; ulbaṇam — terrible; āsyataḥ — from his mouths; asṛk — blood; nastaḥ — from his nostrils; vaman — vomiting; parama — extreme; kaśmalam — trouble; āpa — experienced; nāgaḥ — the serpent.

Translation

My dear King, Kāliya had 101 prominent heads, and when one of them would not bow down, Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, who inflicts punishment on cruel wrong-doers, would smash that stubborn head by striking it with His feet. Then, as Kāliya entered his death throes, he began wheeling his heads around and vomiting ghastly blood from his mouths and nostrils. The serpent thus experienced extreme pain and misery.

Devanagari

तस्याक्षिभिर्गरलमुद्वमत: शिर:सु
यद् यत् समुन्नमति नि:श्वसतो रुषोच्चै: ।
नृत्यन् पदानुनमयन् दमयां बभूव
पुष्पै: प्रपूजित इवेह पुमान् पुराण: ॥ २९ ॥

Text

tasyākṣibhir garalam udvamataḥ śiraḥsu
yad yat samunnamati niḥśvasato ruṣoccaiḥ
nṛtyan padānunamayan damayāṁ babhūva
puṣpaiḥ prapūjita iveha pumān purāṇaḥ

Synonyms

tasya — of him; akṣibhiḥ — from the eyes; garalam — poisonous waste; udvamataḥ — who was vomiting; śiraḥsu — among the heads; yat yat — whichever; samunnamati — would rise up; niḥśvasataḥ — who was breathing; ruṣā — out of anger; uccaiḥ — heavily; nṛtyan — while dancing; padā — with His foot; anunamayan — making bow down; damayām babhūva — He subdued; puṣpaiḥ — with flowers; prapūjitaḥ — being worshiped; iva — indeed; iha — on this occasion; pumān — the Personality of Godhead; purāṇaḥ — original.

Translation

Exuding poisonous waste from his eyes, Kāliya, would occasionally dare to raise up one of his heads, which would breathe heavily with anger. Then the Lord would dance on it and subdue it, forcing it to bow down with His foot. The demigods took each of these exhibitions as an opportunity to worship Him, the primeval Personality of Godhead, with showers of flowers.

Devanagari

तच्चित्रताण्डवविरुग्नफणासहस्रो
रक्तं मुखैरुरु वमन्नृप भग्नगात्र: ।
स्मृत्वा चराचरगुरुं पुरुषं पुराणं
नारायणं तमरणं मनसा जगाम ॥ ३० ॥

Text

tac-citra-tāṇḍava-virugna-phaṇā-sahasro
raktaṁ mukhair uru vaman nṛpa bhagna-gātraḥ
smṛtvā carācara-guruṁ puruṣaṁ purāṇaṁ
nārāyaṇaṁ tam araṇaṁ manasā jagāma

Synonyms

tat — of Him; citra — amazing; tāṇḍava — by the powerful dancing; virugna — broken; phaṇā-sahasraḥ — his one thousand hoods; raktam — blood; mukhaiḥ — from his mouths; uru — profusely; vaman — vomiting; nṛpa — O King Parīkṣit; bhagna-gātraḥ — his limbs crushed; smṛtvā — remembering; cara-acara — of all moving and nonmoving beings; gurum — the spiritual master; puruṣam — the Personality of Godhead; purāṇam — ancient; nārāyaṇam — Lord Nārāyaṇa; tam — to Him; araṇam — for shelter; manasā — within his mind; jagāma — he approached.

Translation

My dear King Parīkṣit, Lord Kṛṣṇa’s wonderful, powerful dancing trampled and broke all of Kāliya’s one thousand hoods. Then the serpent, profusely vomiting blood from his mouths, finally recognized Śrī Kṛṣṇa to be the eternal Personality of Godhead, the supreme master of all moving and nonmoving beings, Śrī Nārāyaṇa. Thus within his mind Kāliya took shelter of the Lord.

Purport

In Chapter Sixteen of Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Śrīla Prabhupāda points out that whereas previously Kāliya was vomiting poison, now his poison was exhausted and he began to vomit blood. Thus he had been cleansed of the vile contamination within his heart that had manifested as serpent’s venom. The word smṛtvā, “remembering,” is very significant here. The wives of Kāliya were actually serious devotees of Lord Kṛṣṇa, and according to the ācāryas they had often tried to convince their husband to surrender to Him. Finally, finding himself in unbearable agony, Kāliya remembered his wives’ advice and took shelter of the Lord. Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura explains that Kāliya’s archrival had traditionally been Garuḍa, the carrier of Viṣṇu. But now Kāliya realized that he was fighting an opponent who was thousands of times stronger than Garuḍa and who therefore could be only the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Thus Kāliya took shelter of Lord Kṛṣṇa.

Devanagari

कृष्णस्य गर्भजगतोऽतिभरावसन्नं
पार्ष्णिप्रहारपरिरुग्नफणातपत्रम् ।
द‍ृष्ट्वाहिमाद्यमुपसेदुरमुष्य पत्‍न्य
आर्ता: श्लथद्वसनभूषणकेशबन्धा: ॥ ३१ ॥

Text

kṛṣṇasya garbha-jagato ’ti-bharāvasannaṁ
pārṣṇi-prahāra-parirugna-phaṇātapatram
dṛṣṭvāhim ādyam upasedur amuṣya patnya
ārtāḥ ślathad-vasana-bhūṣaṇa-keśa-bandhāḥ

Synonyms

kṛṣṇasya — of Lord Kṛṣṇa; garbha — in whose abdomen; jagataḥ — is found the entire universe; ati-bhara — by the extreme weight; avasannam — fatigued; pārṣṇi — of His heels; prahāra — by the striking; parirugna — shattered; phaṇā — his hoods; ātapatram — which were like umbrellas; dṛṣṭvā — seeing; ahim — the serpent; ādyam — the primeval Lord; upaseduḥ — approached; amuṣya — of Kāliya; patnyaḥ — the wives; ārtāḥ — feeling distressed; ślathat — disarrayed; vasana — their clothing; bhūṣaṇa — ornaments; keśa-bandhāḥ — and the locks of their hair.

Translation

When Kāliya’s wives saw how the serpent had become so fatigued from the excessive weight of Lord Kṛṣṇa, who carries the entire universe in His abdomen, and how Kāliya’s umbrellalike hoods had been shattered by the striking of Kṛṣṇa’s heels, they felt great distress. With their clothing, ornaments and hair scattered in disarray, they then approached the eternal Personality of Godhead.

Purport

According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Kāliya’s wives had been disgusted with their husband because of his demoniac activities. They had been thinking, “If this atheist is killed by the punishment of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, then let him be killed. We will become widows and engage in the worship of the Supreme Lord.” But then the ladies noticed Kāliya’s facial expression and other bodily features, and they understood that Kāliya had indeed taken shelter of the Lord within his mind. Seeing that he was manifesting symptoms of humility, remorse, regret and doubt, they thought, “Just see how fortunate we are! Our husband has now become a Vaiṣṇava. Therefore we must now endeavor to protect him.” They felt affection for their repentant husband and severe distress because of his miserable position, and thus all together they went into the presence of the Supreme Lord.

Devanagari

तास्तं सुविग्नमनसोऽथ पुरस्कृतार्भा:
कायं निधाय भुवि भूतपतिं प्रणेमु: ।
साध्व्य: कृताञ्जलिपुटा: शमलस्य भर्तु-
र्मोक्षेप्सव: शरणदं शरणं प्रपन्ना: ॥ ३२ ॥

Text

tās taṁ su-vigna-manaso ’tha puraskṛtārbhāḥ
kāyaṁ nidhāya bhuvi bhūta-patiṁ praṇemuḥ
sādhvyaḥ kṛtāñjali-puṭāḥ śamalasya bhartur
mokṣepsavaḥ śaraṇa-daṁ śaraṇaṁ prapannāḥ

Synonyms

tāḥ — they, the wives of Kāliya; tam — to Him; su-vigna — very much agitated; manasaḥ — their minds; atha — then; puraḥ-kṛta — placing in front; arbhāḥ — their children; kāyam — their bodies; nidhāya — putting; bhuvi — upon the ground; bhūta-patim — to the Lord of all creatures; praṇemuḥ — they bowed down; sādhvyaḥ — the saintly ladies; kṛta-añjali-puṭāḥ — folding their hands in supplication; śamalasya — who was sinful; bhartuḥ — of their husband; mokṣa — the liberation; īpsavaḥ — desiring; śaraṇa-dam — He who grants shelter; śaraṇam — for shelter; prapannāḥ — they approached.

Translation

Their minds very much disturbed, those saintly ladies placed their children before them and then bowed down to the Lord of all creatures, laying their bodies flat upon the ground. They desired the liberation of their sinful husband and the shelter of the Supreme Lord, the giver of ultimate shelter, and thus they folded their hands in supplication and approached Him.

Devanagari

नागपत्‍न्य ऊचु:
न्याय्यो हि दण्ड: कृतकिल्बिषेऽस्मिं-
स्तवावतार: खलनिग्रहाय ।
रिपो: सुतानामपि तुल्यद‍ृष्टि-
र्धत्से दमं फलमेवानुशंसन् ॥ ३३ ॥

Text

nāga-patnya ūcuḥ
nyāyyo hi daṇḍaḥ kṛta-kilbiṣe ’smiṁs
tavāvatāraḥ khala-nigrahāya
ripoḥ sutānām api tulya-dṛṣṭir
dhatse damaṁ phalam evānuśaṁsan

Synonyms

nāga-patnyaḥ ūcuḥ — the wives of the serpent said; nyāyyaḥ — fair and just; hi — indeed; daṇḍaḥ — punishment; kṛta-kilbiṣe — to him who has committed offense; asmin — this person; tava — Your; avatāraḥ — descent into this world; khala — of the envious; nigrahāya — for the subjugation; ripoḥ — to an enemy; sutānām — to Your own sons; api — also; tulya-dṛṣṭiḥ — having equal vision; dhatse — You give; damam — punishment; phalam — the ultimate result; eva — indeed; anuśaṁsam — considering.

Translation

The wives of the Kāliya serpent said: The punishment this offender has been subjected to is certainly just. After all, You have incarnated within this world to curb down envious and cruel persons. You are so impartial that You look equally upon Your enemies and Your own sons, for when You impose a punishment on a living being You know it to be for his ultimate benefit.

Devanagari

अनुग्रहोऽयं भवत: कृतो हि नो
दण्डोऽसतां ते खलु कल्मषापह: ।
यद् दन्दशूकत्वममुष्य देहिन:
क्रोधोऽपि तेऽनुग्रह एव सम्मत: ॥ ३४ ॥

Text

anugraho ’yaṁ bhavataḥ kṛto hi no
daṇḍo ’satāṁ te khalu kalmaṣāpahaḥ
yad dandaśūkatvam amuṣya dehinaḥ
krodho ’pi te ’nugraha eva sammataḥ

Synonyms

anugrahaḥ — mercy; ayam — this; bhavataḥ — by You; kṛtaḥ — done; hi — indeed; naḥ — to us; daṇḍaḥ — punishment; asatām — of the evil; te — by You; khalu — indeed; kalmaṣa-apahaḥ — the dispelling of their contamination; yat — because; dandaśūkatvam — the condition of appearing as a serpent; amuṣya — of this Kāliya; dehinaḥ — the conditioned soul; krodhaḥ — anger; api — even; te — Your; anugrahaḥ — as mercy; eva — actually; sammataḥ — is accepted.

Translation

What You have done here is actually mercy for us, since the punishment You give to the wicked certainly drives away all their contamination. Indeed, because this conditioned soul, our husband, is so sinful that he has assumed the body of a serpent, Your anger toward him is obviously to be understood as Your mercy.

Purport

Śrīla Madhvācārya points out in this connection that when a pious person suffers in this world, he realizes, “The punishment the Supreme Lord is meting out to me is actually His causeless mercy.” Envious persons, however, even after being punished by the Lord for their purification, continue to envy Him and be resentful, and this attitude is the reason for their continued failure to understand the Absolute Truth.

Devanagari

तप: सुतप्तं किमनेन पूर्वं
निरस्तमानेन च मानदेन ।
धर्मोऽथ वा सर्वजनानुकम्पया
यतो भवांस्तुष्यति सर्वजीव: ॥ ३५ ॥

Text

tapaḥ sutaptaṁ kim anena pūrvaṁ
nirasta-mānena ca māna-dena
dharmo ’tha vā sarva-janānukampayā
yato bhavāṁs tuṣyati sarva-jīvaḥ

Synonyms

tapaḥ — austerity; su-taptam — properly performed; kim — what; anena — by this Kāliya; pūrvam — in previous lives; nirasta-mānena — being free from false pride; ca — and; māna-dena — giving respect to others; dharmaḥ — religious duty; atha — or else; sarva-jana — to all persons; anukampayā — with compassion; yataḥ — by which; bhavān — Your good self; tuṣyati — is satisfied; sarva-jīvaḥ — the source of life for all beings.

Translation

Did our husband carefully perform austerities in a previous life, with his mind free of pride and full of respect for others? Is that why You are pleased with him? Or did he in some previous existence carefully execute religious duties with compassion for all living beings, and is that why You, the life of all living beings, are now satisfied with him?

Purport

In this regard Śrīla Prabhupāda comments in his Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Chapter Sixteen: “The Nāgapatnīs confirm that one cannot come in contact with Kṛṣṇa without having executed pious activities in devotional service in his previous lives. As Lord Caitanya advised in His Śikṣāṣṭaka, one has to execute devotional service by humbly chanting the Hare Kṛṣṇa mantra, thinking oneself lower than the straw in the street and not expecting honor for himself but offering all kinds of honor to others. The Nāgapatnīs were astonished that, although Kāliya had the body of a serpent as the result of grievous sinful activities, at the same time he was in contact with the Lord to the extent that the Lord’s lotus feet were touching his hoods. Certainly this was not the ordinary result of pious activities. These two contradictory facts astonished them.”

Devanagari

कस्यानुभावोऽस्य न देव विद्महे
तवाङ्‍‍‍‍‍घ्रिरेणुस्परशाधिकार: ।
यद्वाञ्छया श्रीर्ललनाचरत्तपो
विहाय कामान् सुचिरं धृतव्रता ॥ ३६ ॥

Text

kasyānubhāvo ’sya na deva vidmahe
tavāṅghri-reṇu-sparaśādhikāraḥ
yad-vāñchayā śrīr lalanācarat tapo
vihāya kāmān su-ciraṁ dhṛta-vratā

Synonyms

kasya — of what; anubhāvaḥ — a result; asya — of the serpent (Kāliya); na — not; deva — my Lord; vidmahe — we know; tava — Your; aṅghri — of the lotus feet; reṇu — of the dust; sparaśa — for touching; adhikāraḥ — qualification; yat — for which; vāñchayā — with the desire; śrīḥ — the goddess of fortune; lalanā — (the topmost) woman; ācarat — performed; tapaḥ — austerity; vihāya — giving up; kāmān — all desires; su-ciram — for a long time; dhṛta — upheld; vratā — her vow.

Translation

O Lord, we do not know how the serpent Kāliya has attained this great opportunity of being touched by the dust of Your lotus feet. For this end, the goddess of fortune performed austerities for centuries, giving up all other desires and observing austere vows.

Devanagari

न नाकपृष्ठं न च सार्वभौमं
न पारमेष्ठ्यं न रसाधिपत्यम् ।
न योगसिद्धीरपुनर्भवं वा
वाञ्छन्ति यत्पादरज:प्रपन्ना: ॥ ३७ ॥

Text

na nāka-pṛṣṭhaṁ na ca sārva-bhaumaṁ
na pārameṣṭhyaṁ na rasādhipatyam
na yoga-siddhīr apunar-bhavaṁ vā
vāñchanti yat-pāda-rajaḥ-prapannāḥ

Synonyms

na — not; nāka-pṛṣṭham — heaven; na ca — nor; sārva-bhaumam — supreme sovereignty; na — not; pārameṣṭhyam — the topmost position of Brahmā; na — not; rasa-adhipatyam — rulership over the earth; na — not; yoga-siddhīḥ — the perfections of yogic practice; apunaḥ-bhavam — freedom from rebirth; — or; vāñchanti — desire; yat — whose; pāda — of the lotus feet; rajaḥ — the dust; prapannāḥ — those who have attained.

Translation

Those who have attained the dust of Your lotus feet never hanker for the kingship of heaven, limitless sovereignty, the position of Brahmā or rulership over the earth. They are not interested even in the perfections of yoga or in liberation itself.

Devanagari

तदेष नाथाप दुरापमन्यै-
स्तमोजनि: क्रोधवशोऽप्यहीश: ।
संसारचक्रे भ्रमत: शरीरिणो
यदिच्छत: स्याद् विभव: समक्ष: ॥ ३८ ॥

Text

tad eṣa nāthāpa durāpam anyais
tamo-janiḥ krodha-vaśo ’py ahīśaḥ
saṁsāra-cakre bhramataḥ śarīriṇo
yad-icchataḥ syād vibhavaḥ samakṣaḥ

Synonyms

tat — that; eṣaḥ — this Kāliya; nātha — O Lord; āpa — has achieved; durāpam — difficult to achieve; anyaiḥ — by others; tamaḥ-janiḥ — who was born in the mode of ignorance; krodha-vaśaḥ — who was under the sway of anger; api — even; ahi-īśaḥ — the king of serpents; saṁsāra-cakre — within the cycle of material existence; bhramataḥ — wandering; śarīriṇaḥ — for the embodied living entity; yat — by which (dust of Your lotus feet); icchataḥ — who has material desires; syāt — manifests; vibhavaḥ — all opulences; samakṣaḥ — before his eyes.

Translation

O Lord, although this Kāliya, the king of the serpents, has taken birth in the mode of ignorance and is controlled by anger, he has achieved that which is difficult for others to achieve. Embodied souls, who are full of desires and are thus wandering in the cycle of birth and death, can have all benedictions manifested before their eyes simply by receiving the dust of Your lotus feet.

Purport

It is very rare for a conditioned soul to free himself from the contamination of illusion and thus become established in perfect consciousness of the Absolute Truth. And yet this benediction was achieved by the serpent Kāliya because the Lord personally danced upon the serpent’s hoods with His lotus feet. Although we conditioned souls may not receive the mercy of having the Lord dance on our head, we can receive the dust of the lotus feet of the Absolute through the Lord’s representative, the bona fide spiritual master, and thus go back home, back to Godhead, forever freed from the misery and ignorance of the mundane universe.

Devanagari

नमस्तुभ्यं भगवते पुरुषाय महात्मने ।
भूतावासाय भूताय पराय परमात्मने ॥ ३९ ॥

Text

namas tubhyaṁ bhagavate
puruṣāya mahātmane
bhūtāvāsāya bhūtāya
parāya paramātmane

Synonyms

namaḥ — obeisances; tubhyam — to You; bhagavate — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; puruṣāya — who are present within as the Supersoul; mahā-ātmane — who are all-pervasive; bhūta-āvāsāya — who are the shelter of the material elements (beginning with the ethereal sky); bhūtāya — who exist even prior to the creation; parāya — to the supreme cause; parama-ātmane — who are beyond all material cause.

Translation

We offer our obeisances unto You, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Although present in the hearts of all living beings as the Supersoul, You are all-pervasive. Although the original shelter of all created material elements, You exist prior to their creation. And although the cause of everything, You are transcendental to all material cause and effect, being the Supreme Soul.

Purport

The beautiful Sanskrit poetry of this verse should be chanted out loud for the transcendental pleasure of the reciter and the hearer.

Devanagari

ज्ञानविज्ञाननीधये ब्रह्मणेऽनन्तशक्तये ।
अगुणायाविकाराय नमस्ते प्राकृताय च ॥ ४० ॥

Text

jñāna-vijñāna-nīdhaye
brahmaṇe ’nanta-śaktaye
aguṇāyāvikārāya
namas te prākṛtāya ca

Synonyms

jñāna — of consciousness; vijñāna — and spiritual potency; nidhaye — to the ocean; brahmaṇe — to the Absolute Truth; ananta-śaktaye — whose potencies are unlimited; aguṇāya — to Him who is never affected by the qualities of matter; avikārāya — who does not undergo any material transformation; namaḥ — obeisances; te — unto You; prākṛtāya — to the prime mover of material nature; ca — and.

Translation

Obeisances unto You, the Absolute Truth, who are the reservoir of all transcendental consciousness and potency and the possessor of unlimited energies. Although completely free of material qualities and transformations, You are the prime mover of material nature.

Purport

Those who consider themselves intellectual, philosophic or rational should carefully note here that the Absolute Truth, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is the ocean of all knowledge and consciousness. Thus surrendering unto the Supreme Lord does not entail giving up the method of rationally comprehending reality. Rather, one merges into the ocean of rational, logical comprehension. The Supreme Lord is the perfection of all sciences and all forms of knowledge, and only envious and trivial minds would deny this obvious fact.

Devanagari

कालाय कालनाभाय कालावयवसाक्षिणे ।
विश्वाय तदुपद्रष्ट्रे तत्कर्त्रे विश्वहेतवे ॥ ४१ ॥

Text

kālāya kāla-nābhāya
kālāvayava-sākṣiṇe
viśvāya tad-upadraṣṭre
tat-kartre viśva-hetave

Synonyms

kālāya — unto time; kāla-nābhāya — unto Him who is the shelter of time; kāla-avayava — of the various phases of time; sākṣiṇe — to the witness; viśvāya — to the form of the universe; tad-upadraṣṭre — to the observer of it; tat-kartre — to the creator of it; viśva — of the universe; hetave — to the total cause.

Translation

Obeisances unto You, who are time itself, the shelter of time and the witness of time in all its phases. You are the universe, and also its separate observer. You are its creator, and also the totality of all its causes.

Purport

The Supreme Personality of Godhead, although appearing in different incarnations, can never be limited by time, since He is time itself, the shelter of time, and the witness of time in all its phases.

Devanagari

भूतमात्रेन्द्रियप्राणमनोबुद्ध्याशयात्मने ।
त्रिगुणेनाभिमानेन गूढस्वात्मानुभूतये ॥ ४२ ॥
नमोऽनन्ताय सूक्ष्माय कूटस्थाय विपश्चिते ।
नानावादानुरोधाय वाच्यवाचकशक्तये ॥ ४३ ॥

Text

bhūta-mātrendriya-prāṇa-
mano-buddhy-āśayātmane
tri-guṇenābhimānena
gūḍha-svātmānubhūtaye
namo ’nantāya sūkṣmāya
kūṭa-sthāya vipaścite
nānā-vādānurodhāya
vācya-vācaka-śaktaye

Synonyms

bhūta — of the physical elements; mātra — the subtle basis of perception; indriya — the senses; prāṇa — the vital air of life; manaḥ — the mind; buddhi — the intelligence; āśaya — and of material consciousness; ātmane — to the ultimate soul; tri-guṇena — by the three modes of material nature; abhimānena — by false identification; gūḍha — who causes to become covered over; sva — one’s own; ātma — of the self; anubhūtaye — perception; namaḥ — obeisances; anantāya — to the unlimited Lord; sūkṣmāya — to the supremely subtle; kūṭa-sthāya — who is fixed in the center; vipaścite — to the omniscient one; nānā — various; vāda — philosophies; anurodhāya — who sanctions; vācya — of expressed ideas; vācaka — and expressing words; śaktaye — who possesses the potencies.

Translation

Obeisances unto You, who are the ultimate soul of the physical elements, of the subtle basis of perception, of the senses, of the vital air of life, and of the mind, intelligence and consciousness. By Your arrangement the infinitesimal spirit souls falsely identify with the three modes of material nature, and their perception of their own true self thus becomes clouded. We offer our obeisances unto You, the unlimited Supreme Lord, the supremely subtle one, the omniscient Personality of Godhead, who are always fixed in unchanging transcendence, who sanction the opposing views of different philosophies, and who are the power upholding expressed ideas and the words that express them.

Devanagari

नम: प्रमाणमूलाय कवये शास्त्रयोनये ।
प्रवृत्ताय निवृत्ताय निगमाय नमो नम: ॥ ४४ ॥

Text

namaḥ pramāṇa-mūlāya
kavaye śāstra-yonaye
pravṛttāya nivṛttāya
nigamāya namo namaḥ

Synonyms

namaḥ — obeisances; pramāṇa — of authoritative evidence; mūlāya — to the basis; kavaye — to the author; śāstra — of the revealed scripture; yonaye — to the source; pravṛttāya — which encourages sense gratification; nivṛttāya — which encourages renunciation; nigamāya — to Him who is the origin of both kinds of scripture; namaḥ namaḥ — repeated obeisances.

Translation

We offer our obeisances again and again to You, who are the basis of all authoritative evidence, who are the author and ultimate source of the revealed scriptures, and who have manifested Yourself in those Vedic literatures encouraging sense gratification as well as in those encouraging renunciation of the material world.

Purport

If we did not have the powers of perception and cognition, evidence could not be transmitted, and if we had no tendency to believe in particular modes of evidence, persuasion could not take place. All of these processes — perception, cognition, persuasion and transmission — take place through the various potencies of the Supreme Lord. The Supreme Lord Kṛṣṇa is Himself the greatest scholar and intellectual being. He manifests the transcendental scriptures within the hearts of great devotees like Brahmā and Nārada, and in addition He incarnates as Vedavyāsa, the compiler of all Vedic knowledge. In multifarious ways the Lord generates a variety of religious scriptures, which gradually bring the conditioned souls through the various phases of reentry into the kingdom of God.

Devanagari

नम: कृष्णाय रामाय वसुदेवसुताय च ।
प्रद्युम्नायानिरुद्धाय सात्वतां पतये नम: ॥ ४५ ॥

Text

namaḥ kṛṣṇāya rāmāya
vasudeva-sutāya ca
pradyumnāyāniruddhāya
sātvatāṁ pataye namaḥ

Synonyms

namaḥ — obeisances; kṛṣṇāya — to Lord Kṛṣṇa; rāmāya — to Lord Rāma; vasudeva-sutāya — the son of Vasudeva; ca — and; pradyumnāya — to Lord Pradyumna; aniruddhāya — to Lord Aniruddha; sātvatām — of the devotees; pataye — to the Lord; namaḥ — obeisances.

Translation

We offer our obeisances to Lord Kṛṣṇa and Lord Rāma, the sons of Vasudeva, and to Lord Pradyumna and Lord Aniruddha. We offer our respectful obeisances unto the master of all the saintly devotees of Viṣṇu.

Devanagari

नमो गुणप्रदीपाय गुणात्मच्छादनाय च ।
गुणवृत्त्युपलक्ष्याय गुणद्रष्ट्रे स्वसंविदे ॥ ४६ ॥

Text

namo guṇa-pradīpāya
guṇātma-cchādanāya ca
guṇa-vṛtty-upalakṣyāya
guṇa-draṣṭre sva-saṁvide

Synonyms

namaḥ — obeisances; guṇa-pradīpāya — to Him who manifests various qualities; guṇa — by the material modes; ātma — Himself; chādanāya — who disguises; ca — and; guṇa — of the modes; vṛtti — by the functioning; upalakṣyāya — who can be ascertained; guṇa-draṣṭre — to the separate witness of the material modes; sva — to His own devotees; saṁvide — who is known.

Translation

Obeisances to You, O Lord, who manifest varieties of material and spiritual qualities. You disguise Yourself with the material qualities, and yet the functioning of those same material qualities ultimately reveals Your existence. You stand apart from the material qualities as a witness and can be fully known only by Your devotees.

Purport

The word guṇa conveys various meanings: the three basic qualities of material nature, i.e., goodness, passion and ignorance; excellent qualities one manifests because of piety and spiritual achievement; or the internal senses, such as the mind and intelligence. The word pradīpāya means “unto Him who manifests or illumines.” Thus here the Nāgapatnīs are addressing the Supreme Lord as “He who manifests all material and spiritual qualities and who causes the living entities to be conscious.” One can see the Lord by going beyond the screen of material nature, and therefore He is called guṇātma-cchādanāya. If one methodically and intelligently studies the functioning of the material qualities, he will ultimately conclude that there is a Supreme Personality of Godhead and that He exhibits His illusory potency to bewilder those who do not surrender unto Him.

The Lord is never affected by the modes of nature, being their witness, and thus He is called guṇa-draṣṭre. The word sva indicates “one’s own,” and thus sva-saṁvide means that Lord Kṛṣṇa can be known only by His own people, the devotees, and also that ultimately only the Lord can know Himself perfectly. Therefore we should take Lord Kṛṣṇa’s instructions in Bhagavad-gītā and immediately come to the right conclusion: full surrender to the Lord’s lotus feet. Thus we should humbly glorify the Lord, following the example of the Nāgapatnīs.

Devanagari

अव्याकृतविहाराय सर्वव्याकृतसिद्धये ।
हृषीकेश नमस्तेऽस्तु मुनये मौनशीलिने ॥ ४७ ॥

Text

avyākṛta-vihārāya
sarva-vyākṛta-siddhaye
hṛṣīkeśa namas te ’stu
munaye mauna-śīline

Synonyms

avyākṛta-vihārāya — to Him whose glories are unfathomable; sarva-vyākṛta — the creation and manifestation of all things; siddhaye — to Him who can be understood as existent on the basis of; hṛṣīka-īśa — O motivator of the senses; namaḥ — obeisances; te — unto You; astu — let there be; munaye — to the silent; mauna-śīline — to Him who acts in silence.

Translation

O Lord Hṛṣīkeśa, master of the senses, please let us offer our obeisances unto You, whose pastimes are inconceivably glorious. Your existence can be inferred from the necessity for a creator and revealer of all cosmic manifestations. But although Your devotees can understand You in this way, to the nondevotees You remain silent, absorbed in self-satisfaction.

Devanagari

परावरगतिज्ञाय सर्वाध्यक्षाय ते नम: ।
अविश्वाय च विश्वाय तद्‌‌द्रष्ट्रेऽस्य च हेतवे ॥ ४८ ॥

Text

parāvara-gati-jñāya
sarvādhyakṣāya te namaḥ
aviśvāya ca viśvāya
tad-draṣṭre ’sya ca hetave

Synonyms

para-avara — of all things, both superior and inferior; gati — the destinations; jñāya — to Him who knows; sarva — of all things; adhyakṣāya — to the regulator; te — You; namaḥ — our obeisances; aviśvāya — to Him who is distinct from the universe; ca — and; viśvāya — in whom the illusion of material creation manifests; tat-draṣṭre — to the witness of such illusion; asya — of this world; ca — and; hetave — to the root cause.

Translation

Obeisances unto You, who know the destination of all things, superior and inferior, and who are the presiding regulator of all that be. You are distinct from the universal creation, and yet You are the basis upon which the illusion of material creation evolves, and also the witness of this illusion. Indeed, You are the root cause of the entire world.

Purport

The words para and avara indicate superior, subtle elements and inferior, gross ones. The words also indicate superior personalities — devotees of the Lord — and inferior personalities, who are unaware of the glories of God. Lord Kṛṣṇa knows the destiny of all superior and inferior entities, animate and inanimate, and as the Supreme Absolute Truth He remains in His unique position above everything, as indicated by the word sarvādhyakṣāya.

Devanagari

त्वं ह्यस्य जन्मस्थितिसंयमान् विभो
गुणैरनीहोऽकृतकालशक्तिधृक् ।
तत्तत्स्वभावान् प्रतिबोधयन् सत:
समीक्षयामोघविहार ईहसे ॥ ४९ ॥

Text

tvaṁ hy asya janma-sthiti-saṁyamān vibho
guṇair anīho ’kṛta-kāla-śakti-dhṛk
tat-tat-svabhāvān pratibodhayan sataḥ
samīkṣayāmogha-vihāra īhase

Synonyms

tvam — You; hi — indeed; asya — of this universe; janma-sthiti-saṁyamān — the creation, maintenance and destruction; vibho — O almighty Lord; guṇaiḥ — by the modes of nature; anīhaḥ — although uninvolved in any material endeavor; akṛta — beginningless; kāla-śakti — of the potency of time; dhṛk — the holder; tat-tat — of each of the modes; sva-bhāvān — the distinctive characteristics; pratibodhayan — awakening; sataḥ — which are already present in their dormant state; samīkṣayā — by Your glance; amogha-vihāraḥ — whose playful activities are impeccable; īhase — You act.

Translation

O almighty Lord, although You have no reason to become involved in material activity, still You act through Your eternal potency of time to arrange for the creation, maintenance and destruction of this universe. You do this by awakening the distinct functions of each of the modes of nature, which before the creation lie dormant. Simply by Your glance You perfectly execute all these activities of cosmic control in a sporting mood.

Purport

Sceptics may question why the Supreme Lord has created the material world, which is full of birth, maintenance and death. Here the Nāgapatnīs point out that the Lord’s pastimes are amogha, beyond any discrepancy. Śrī Kṛṣṇa actually desires that all conditioned souls live with Him in His eternal kingdom, but those forgetful souls who are inimical to their loving relationship with God must go to the material world and be subjected to the conditions of time. The fortunate conditioned souls are startled into remembrance of their actual position as loving servants of the Lord, and from within the heart the Lord then encourages them to come back home, back to Godhead, where time is conspicuous by its absence and where eternal, blissful existence supersedes the dramatic but disturbing functions of cosmic creation and annihilation.

Devanagari

तस्यैव तेऽमूस्तनवस्त्रिलोक्यां
शान्ता अशान्ता उत मूढयोनय: ।
शान्ता: प्रियास्ते ह्यधुनावितुं सतां
स्थातुश्च ते धर्मपरीप्सयेहत: ॥ ५० ॥

Text

tasyaiva te ’mūs tanavas tri-lokyāṁ
śāntā aśāntā uta mūḍha-yonayaḥ
śāntāḥ priyās te hy adhunāvituṁ satāṁ
sthātuś ca te dharma-parīpsayehataḥ

Synonyms

tasya — of Him; eva — indeed; te — of You; amūḥ — these; tanavaḥ — material bodies; tri-lokyām — throughout the three worlds; śāntāḥ — peaceful (in the mode of goodness); aśāntāḥ — not peaceful (in the mode of passion); uta — and also; mūḍha-yonayaḥ — born in ignorant species; śāntāḥ — the peaceful persons in the mode of goodness; priyāḥ — dear; te — to You; hi — certainly; adhunā — now; avitum — to protect; satām — of the saintly devotees; sthātuḥ — who are present; ca — and; te — of You; dharma — their principles of religion; parīpsayā — with the desire of maintaining; īhataḥ — who is acting.

Translation

Therefore all material bodies throughout the three worlds — those that are peaceful, in the mode of goodness; those that are agitated, in the mode of passion; and those that are foolish, in the mode of ignorance — all are Your creations. Still, those living entities whose bodies are in the mode of goodness are especially dear to You, and it is to maintain them and protect their religious principles that You are now present on the earth.

Devanagari

अपराध: सकृद् भर्त्रा सोढव्य: स्वप्रजाकृत: ।
क्षन्तुमर्हसि शान्तात्मन् मूढस्य त्वामजानत: ॥ ५१ ॥

Text

aparādhaḥ sakṛd bhartrā
soḍhavyaḥ sva-prajā-kṛtaḥ
kṣantum arhasi śāntātman
mūḍhasya tvām ajānataḥ

Synonyms

aparādhaḥ — the offense; sakṛt — just once; bhartrā — by the master; soḍhavyaḥ — should be tolerated; sva-prajā — by his own subject; kṛtaḥ — committed; kṣantum — to tolerate; arhasi — it is befitting for You; śānta-ātman — O You who are always peaceful; mūḍhasya — of the foolish one; tvām — You; ajānataḥ — who does not understand.

Translation

At least once, a master should tolerate an offense committed by his child or subject. O supreme peaceful Soul, You should therefore forgive our foolish husband, who did not understand who You are.

Purport

Because of their extreme anxiety, in this verse Kāliya’s wives mention the same idea twice: that the Supreme Lord should kindly forgive their foolish husband. The Supreme Lord is śāntātmā, the supreme peaceful Soul, and therefore the Nāgapatnīs suggest it would be proper for Him to overlook, at least this once, the great offense committed by the ignorant Kāliya.

Devanagari

अनुगृह्णीष्व भगवन् प्राणांस्त्यजति पन्नग: ।
स्त्रीणां न: साधुशोच्यानां पति: प्राण: प्रदीयताम् ॥ ५२ ॥

Text

anugṛhṇīṣva bhagavan
prāṇāṁs tyajati pannagaḥ
strīṇāṁ naḥ sādhu-śocyānāṁ
patiḥ prāṇaḥ pradīyatām

Synonyms

anugṛhṇīṣva — please show mercy; bhagavan — O Supreme Lord; prāṇān — his life airs; tyajati — is giving up; pannagaḥ — the serpent; strīṇām — for women; naḥ — us; sādhu-śocyānām — who are to be pitied by saintly personalities; patiḥ — the husband; prāṇaḥ — life itself; pradīyatām — should be given back.

Translation

O Supreme Lord, please be merciful. It is proper for the saintly to feel compassion for women like us. This serpent is about to give up his life. Please give us back our husband, who is our life and soul.

Devanagari

विधेहि ते किङ्करीणामनुष्ठेयं तवाज्ञया ।
यच्छ्रद्धयानुतिष्ठन् वै मुच्यते सर्वतोभयात् ॥ ५३ ॥

Text

vidhehi te kiṅkarīṇām
anuṣṭheyaṁ tavājñayā
yac-chraddhayānutiṣṭhan vai
mucyate sarvato bhayāt

Synonyms

vidhehi — please order; te — Your; kiṅkarīṇām — by the maidservants; anuṣṭheyam — what should be done; tava — Your; ājñayā — by the command; yat — which; śraddhayā — with faith; anutiṣṭhan — executing; vai — certainly; mucyate — one will become freed; sarvataḥ — from all; bhayāt — fear.

Translation

Now please tell us, Your maidservants, what we should do. Certainly anyone who faithfully executes Your order is automatically freed from all fear.

Purport

The surrender of Kāliya’s wives was now complete, and Lord Kṛṣṇa immediately gave them His mercy, as described in the following verses.

Devanagari

श्रीशुक उवाच
इत्थं स नागपत्नीभिर्भगवान् समभिष्टुत: ।
मूर्च्छितं भग्नशिरसं विससर्जाङ्‍‍‍‍‍घ्रिकुट्टनै: ॥ ५४ ॥

Text

śrī-śuka uvāca
itthaṁ sa nāga-patnībhir
bhagavān samabhiṣṭutaḥ
mūrcchitaṁ bhagna-śirasaṁ
visasarjāṅghri-kuṭṭanaiḥ

Synonyms

śrī-śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said; ittham — in this way; saḥ — He, Lord Kṛṣṇa; nāga-patnībhiḥ — by the wives of Kāliya; bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; samabhiṣṭutaḥ — fully praised; mūrcchitam — who was unconscious; bhagna-śirasam — his heads crushed; visasarja — He let go; aṅghri-kuṭṭanaiḥ — by the striking of His feet.

Translation

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: Thus praised by the Nāgapatnīs, the Supreme Personality of Godhead released the serpent Kāliya, who had fallen unconscious, his heads battered by the striking of the Lord’s lotus feet.

Purport

According to Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura, Lord Kṛṣṇa, upon reaching His decision, immediately jumped down from Kāliya’s hoods and stood before the serpent and his wives. We should remember that when Lord Kṛṣṇa executed these pastimes, He was just a young village boy in Vṛndāvana.

Devanagari

प्रतिलब्धेन्द्रियप्राण: कालिय: शनकैर्हरिम् ।
कृच्छ्रात् समुच्छ्वसन् दीन: कृष्णं प्राह कृताञ्जलि: ॥ ५५ ॥

Text

pratilabdhendriya-prāṇaḥ
kāliyaḥ śanakair harim
kṛcchrāt samucchvasan dīnaḥ
kṛṣṇaṁ prāha kṛtāñjaliḥ

Synonyms

pratilabdha — regaining; indriya — the function of his senses; prāṇaḥ — and his vital force; kāliyaḥ — Kāliya; śanakaiḥ — gradually; harim — to the Supreme Personality of Godhead; kṛcchrāt — with difficulty; samucchvasan — breathing loudly; dīnaḥ — wretched; kṛṣṇam — to Lord Kṛṣṇa; prāha — spoke; kṛta-añjaliḥ — in humble submission.

Translation

Kāliya slowly regained his vital force and sensory functions. Then, breathing loudly and painfully, the poor serpent addressed Lord Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, in humble submission.

Devanagari

कालिय उवाच
वयं खला: सहोत्पत्त्या तामसा दीर्घमन्यव: ।
स्वभावो दुस्त्यजो नाथ लोकानां यदसद्ग्रह: ॥ ५६ ॥

Text

kāliya uvāca
vayaṁ khalāḥ sahotpattyā
tamasā dīrgha-manyavaḥ
svabhāvo dustyajo nātha
lokānāṁ yad asad-grahaḥ

Synonyms

kāliyaḥ uvāca — Kāliya said; vayam — we; khalāḥ — envious; saha utpattyā — by our very birth; tāmasāḥ — of ignorant nature; dīrgha-manyavaḥ — constantly angry; svabhāvaḥ — one’s material nature; dustyajaḥ — is very difficult to give up; nātha — O Lord; lokānām — for ordinary persons; yat — because of which; asat — of the unreal and impure; grahaḥ — the acceptance.

Translation

The serpent Kāliya said: Our very birth as a snake has made us envious, ignorant and constantly angry. O my Lord, it is so difficult for people to give up their conditioned nature, by which they identify with that which is unreal.

Purport

Śrīla Sanātana Gosvāmī points out that because of his wretched condition, Kāliya was unable to compose original prayers to the Lord, and thus he paraphrased some of the prayers offered by his wives. The word asad-graha indicates that a conditioned soul seizes upon impermanent and impure things such as his own body, the bodies of others, and other countless varieties of material sense objects. The ultimate result of such material attachment is frustration, disappointment and anguish — a fact that has now become crystal clear to the poor serpent Kāliya.

Devanagari

त्वया सृष्टमिदं विश्वं धातर्गुणविसर्जनम् ।
नानास्वभाववीर्यौजोयोनिबीजाशयाकृति ॥ ५७ ॥

Text

tvayā sṛṣṭam idaṁ viśvaṁ
dhātar guṇa-visarjanam
nānā-svabhāva-vīryaujo-
yoni-bījāśayākṛti

Synonyms

tvayā — by You; sṛṣṭam — created; idam — this; viśvam — universe; dhātaḥ — O supreme provider; guṇa — of the material modes; visarjanam — the variegated creation; nānā — various; sva-bhāva — personal natures; vīrya — varieties of sensory strength; ojaḥ — and physical strength; yoni — wombs; bīja — seeds; āśaya — mentalities; ākṛti — and forms.

Translation

O supreme creator, it is You who generate this universe, composed of the variegated arrangement of the material modes, and in the process You manifest various kinds of personalities and species, varieties of sensory and physical strength, and varieties of mothers and fathers with variegated mentalities and forms.

Purport

Commenting on this verse, Śrīla Madhvācārya has quoted the Nārada Purāṇa as follows: “From Hiraṇyagarbha, Brahmā, comes the second creation of this universe, but the universe is primarily created by Viṣṇu Himself. Viṣṇu is thus the primary creator, and four-headed Brahmā is merely the secondary creator.”

Devanagari

वयं च तत्र भगवन् सर्पा जात्युरुमन्यव: ।
कथं त्यजामस्त्वन्मायां दुस्त्यजां मोहिता: स्वयम् ॥ ५८ ॥

Text

vayaṁ ca tatra bhagavan
sarpā jāty-uru-manyavaḥ
kathaṁ tyajāmas tvan-māyāṁ
dustyajāṁ mohitāḥ svayam

Synonyms

vayam — we; ca — and; tatra — within that material creation; bhagavan — O Supreme Personality of Godhead; sarpāḥ — serpents; jāti — by species; uru-manyavaḥ — too much absorbed in anger; katham — how; tyajāmaḥ — we can give up; tvat-māyām — Your illusory potency; dustyajām — which is impossible to give up; mohitāḥ — bewildered; svayam — on our own.

Translation

O Supreme Personality of Godhead, among all the species within Your material creation, we serpents are by nature always enraged. Being thus deluded by Your illusory energy, which is very difficult to give up, how can we possibly give it up on our own?

Purport

Kāliya is here indirectly begging for the Lord’s mercy, realizing that on his own he can never become free from illusion and suffering. Only by surrendering to the Lord and obtaining His mercy can one be released from the painful conditions of material life.

Devanagari

भवान् हि कारणं तत्र सर्वज्ञो जगदीश्वर: ।
अनुग्रहं निग्रहं वा मन्यसे तद् विधेहि न: ॥ ५९ ॥

Text

bhavān hi kāraṇaṁ tatra
sarva-jño jagad-īśvaraḥ
anugrahaṁ nigrahaṁ vā
manyase tad vidhehi naḥ

Synonyms

bhavān — Your good self; hi — certainly; kāraṇam — the cause; tatra — in that matter (the removal of illusion); sarva-jñaḥ — the knower of everything; jagat-īśvaraḥ — the supreme controller of the universe; anugraham — favor; nigraham — punishment; — or; manyase — (whatever) You consider; tat — that; vidhehi — arrange; naḥ — for us.

Translation

O Lord, since You are the omniscient Lord of the universe, You are the actual cause of freedom from illusion. Please arrange for us whatever You consider proper, whether it be mercy or punishment.

Devanagari

श्रीशुक उवाच
इत्याकर्ण्य वच: प्राह भगवान् कार्यमानुष: ।
नात्र स्थेयं त्वया सर्प समुद्रं याहि मा चिरम् ।
स्वज्ञात्यपत्यदाराढ्यो गोनृभिर्भुज्यते नदी ॥ ६० ॥

Text

śrī-śuka uvāca
ity ākarṇya vacaḥ prāha
bhagavān kārya-mānuṣaḥ
nātra stheyaṁ tvayā sarpa
samudraṁ yāhi mā ciram
sva-jñāty-apatya-dārāḍhyo
go-nṛbhir bhujyate nadī

Synonyms

śrī-śukaḥ uvāca — Śrī Śukadeva Gosvāmī said; iti — thus; ākarṇya — hearing; vacaḥ — these words; prāha — then spoke; bhagavān — the Supreme Personality of Godhead; kārya-mānuṣaḥ — who was acting like a human being; na — not; atra — here; stheyam — should remain; tvayā — you; sarpa — My dear serpent; samudram — to the ocean; yāhi — go; ciram — without delay; sva — your own; jñāti — by the companions; apatya — children; dāra — and wife; āḍhyaḥ — adequately accompanied; go — by the cows; nṛbhiḥ — and the humans; bhujyate — let it be enjoyed; nadī — the river Yamunā.

Translation

Śukadeva Gosvāmī said: After hearing Kāliya’s words, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who was acting the role of a human being, replied: O serpent, you may not remain here any longer. Go back to the ocean immediately, accompanied by your retinue of children, wives, other relatives and friends. Let this river be enjoyed by the cows and humans.

Devanagari

य एतत् संस्मरेन्मर्त्यस्तुभ्यं मदनुशासनम् ।
कीर्तयन्नुभयो: सन्ध्योर्न युष्मद् भयमाप्नुयात् ॥ ६१ ॥

Text

ya etat saṁsmaren martyas
tubhyaṁ mad-anuśāsanam
kīrtayann ubhayoḥ sandhyor
na yuṣmad bhayam āpnuyāt

Synonyms

yaḥ — who; etat — this; saṁsmaret — remembers; martyaḥ — a mortal; tubhyam — to you; mat — My; anuśāsanam — command; kīrtayan — chanting; ubhayoḥ — at both; sandhyoḥ — junctures of the day; na — not; yuṣmat — from you; bhayam — fear; āpnuyāt — obtains.

Translation

If a mortal being attentively remembers My command to you — to leave Vṛndāvana and go to the ocean — and narrates this account at sunrise and sunset, he will never be afraid of you.

Devanagari

योऽस्मिन् स्‍नात्वा मदाक्रीडे देवादींस्तर्पयेज्जलै: ।
उपोष्य मां स्मरन्नर्चेत् सर्वपापै: प्रमुच्यते ॥ ६२ ॥

Text

yo ’smin snātvā mad-ākrīḍe
devādīṁs tarpayej jalaiḥ
upoṣya māṁ smarann arcet
sarva-pāpaiḥ pramucyate

Synonyms

yaḥ — who; asmin — in this (Kāliya’s lake in the Yamunā River); snātvā — bathing; mat-ākrīḍe — the place of My pastime; deva-ādīn — the demigods and other worshipable personalities; tarpayet — gratifies; jalaiḥ — with the water (of that lake); upoṣya — observing a fast; mām — Me; smaran — remembering; arcet — performs worship; sarva-pāpaiḥ — from all sinful reactions; pramucyate — he becomes freed.

Translation

If one bathes in this place of My pastimes and offers the water of this lake to the demigods and other worshipable personalities, or if one observes a fast and duly worships and remembers Me, he is sure to become free from all sinful reactions.

Purport

According to the ācāryas, the Lord spoke this verse to make it clear to Kāliya that he could by no means remain in the Yamunā lake. Although the Lord had mercifully pardoned the serpent and ordered him to go to the ocean with all his associates, Kāliya should not even consider requesting to remain in the lake, because it was now to become a holy place for spiritual pilgrims.

Devanagari

द्वीपं रमणकं हित्वा ह्रदमेतमुपाश्रित: ।
यद्भ‍यत्स सुपर्णस्त्वां नाद्यान्मत्पादलाञ्छितम् ॥ ६३ ॥

Text

dvīpaṁ ramaṇakaṁ hitvā
hradam etam upāśritaḥ
yad-bhayāt sa suparṇas tvāṁ
nādyān mat-pāda-lāñchitam

Synonyms

dvīpam — the great island; ramaṇakam — named Ramaṇaka; hitvā — abandoning; hradam — the small lake; etam — this; upāśritaḥ — taken shelter of; yat — of whom; bhayāt — because of the fear; saḥ — that; suparṇaḥ — Garuḍa; tvām — you; na adyāt — will not eat; mat-pāda — with My feet; lāñchitam — marked.

Translation

Out of fear of Garuḍa, you left Ramaṇaka Island and came to take shelter of this lake. But because you are now marked with My footprints, Garuḍa will no longer try to eat you.

Devanagari

श्रीऋषिरुवाच
मुक्तो भगवता राजन् कृष्णेनाद्भुतकर्मणा ।
तं पूजयामास मुदा नागपत्‍न्यश्च सादरम् ॥ ६४ ॥

Text

śrī-ṛṣir uvāca
mukto bhagavatā rājan
kṛṣṇenādbhuta-karmaṇā
taṁ pūjayām āsa mudā
nāga-patnyaś ca sādaram

Synonyms

śrī-ṛṣiḥ uvāca — the sage (Śukadeva) said; muktaḥ — freed; bhagavatā — by the Supreme Personality of Godhead; rājan — O King Parīkṣit; kṛṣṇena — by Lord Kṛṣṇa; adbhuta-karmaṇā — whose activities are very wonderful; tam — Him; pūjayām āsa — worshiped; mudā — with pleasure; nāga — of the serpent; patnyaḥ — the wives; ca — and; sa-ādaram — with reverence.

Translation

Śukadeva Gosvāmī continued: My dear King, having been released by Lord Kṛṣṇa, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whose activities are wonderful, Kāliya joined his wives in worshiping Him with great joy and reverence.

Purport

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura comments as follows on this verse: “The word adbhuta-karmaṇā indicates the Lord’s wonderful activities of saving the residents of Vṛndāvana from Kāliya, saving Kāliya himself from Garuḍa, and bestowing grace upon both the victims of violence and the committer of that violence.” The word kṛṣṇena, “by Kṛṣṇa,” indicates that because Kāliya’s wives were great devotees of the Lord and offered Him loving affection, Kṛṣṇa withdrew (karṣaṇam) both Kāliya’s offense against the Lord’s devotee Garuḍa and that against the residents of Vṛndāvana, who were very dear to Him.

Devanagari

दिव्याम्बरस्रङ्‌मणिभि: परार्ध्यैरपि भूषणै: ।
दिव्यगन्धानुलेपैश्च महत्योत्पलमालया ॥ ६५ ॥
पूजयित्वा जगन्नाथं प्रसाद्य गरुडध्वजम् ।
तत: प्रीतोऽभ्यनुज्ञात: परिक्रम्याभिवन्द्य तम् ॥ ६६ ॥
सकलत्रसुहृत्पुत्रो द्वीपमब्धेर्जगाम ह ।
तदैव सामृतजला यमुना निर्विषाभवत् ।
अनुग्रहाद् भगवत: क्रीडामानुषरूपिण: ॥ ६७ ॥

Text

divyāmbara-sraṅ-maṇibhiḥ
parārdhyair api bhūṣaṇaiḥ
divya-gandhānulepaiś ca
mahatyotpala-mālayā
pūjayitvā jagan-nāthaṁ
prasādya garuḍa-dhvajam
tataḥ prīto ’bhyanujñātaḥ
parikramyābhivandya tam
sa-kalatra-suhṛt-putro
dvīpam abdher jagāma ha
tadaiva sāmṛta-jalā
yamunā nirviṣābhavat
anugrahād bhagavataḥ
krīḍā-mānuṣa-rūpiṇaḥ

Synonyms

divya — divine; ambara — with clothing; srak — garlands; maṇibhiḥ — and jewels; para-ardhyaiḥ — most valuable; api — also; bhūṣaṇaiḥ — ornaments; divya — divine; gandha — with scents; anulepaiḥ — and ointments; ca — as well; mahatyā — fine; utpala — of lotuses; mālayā — with a garland; pūjayitvā — worshiping; jagat-nātham — the Lord of the universe; prasādya — satisfying; garuḍa-dhvajam — Him whose flag is marked with the emblem of Garuḍa; tataḥ — then; prītaḥ — feeling happy; abhyanujñātaḥ — given permission to leave; parikramya — circumambulating; abhivandya — offering obeisances; tam — to Him; sa — along with; kalatra — his wives; suhṛt — friends; putraḥ — and children; dvīpam — to the island; abdheḥ — in the sea; jagāma — he went; ha — indeed; tadā eva — at that very moment; sa-amṛta — nectarean; jalā — her water; yamunā — the river Yamunā; nirviṣā — free from poison; abhavat — she became; anugrahāt — by the mercy; bhagavataḥ — of the Supreme Personality of Godhead; krīḍā — for pleasure pastimes; mānuṣa — humanlike; rūpiṇaḥ — manifesting a form.

Translation

Kāliya worshiped the Lord of the universe by offering Him fine garments, along with necklaces, jewels and other valuable ornaments, wonderful scents and ointments, and a large garland of lotus flowers. Having thus pleased the Lord, whose flag is marked with the emblem of Garuḍa, Kāliya felt satisfied. Receiving the Lord’s permission to leave, Kāliya circumambulated Him and offered Him obeisances. Then, taking his wives, friends and children, he went to his island in the sea. The very moment Kāliya left, the Yamunā was immediately restored to her original condition, free from poison and full of nectarean water. This happened by the mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who was manifesting a humanlike form to enjoy His pastimes.

Purport

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura has commented extensively on this verse. To explain the word maṇibhiḥ — “(Kāliya worshiped the Lord) with jewels” — the ācārya has quoted from the Śrī Rādhā-kṛṣṇa-gaṇoddeśa-dīpikā, by Rūpa Gosvāmī, as follows:

kaustubhākhyo maṇir yena
praviśya hradam auragam
kāliya-preyasi-vṛnda-
hastair ātmopahāritaḥ

“The Lord had made His Kaustubha gem enter the serpent’s lake, and then He arranged for it to be presented to Himself by the hands of Kāliya’s wives.” In other words, because Lord Kṛṣṇa wanted to act just like an ordinary human being, He made the transcendental Kaustubha gem invisible and caused it to enter within Kāliya’s treasury. Then when the appropriate moment came for Kāliya to worship the Lord with many different jewels and ornaments, the serpent’s wives, unaware of the Lord’s transcendental trick, presented Him with the Kaustubha gem, thinking it was simply one of the jewels in their possession.

The ācārya has further commented that the reason Lord Kṛṣṇa is described in this verse as garuḍa-dhvaja, “He whose flag is marked by the symbol of His carrier, Garuḍa,” is that Kāliya also desired to become Lord Kṛṣṇa’s carrier. Garuḍa and the serpents are originally related as brothers, and therefore Kāliya wanted to indicate to Lord Kṛṣṇa, “If You ever have to go to a distant place, You should also think of me as Your personal carrier. I am the servant of Your servant, and in the wink of an eye I can travel hundreds of millions of yojanas.” Thus the Purāṇas narrate that in the course of Lord Kṛṣṇa’s eternal cycle of pastimes, when Kaṁsa orders the Lord to come to Mathurā, He sometimes goes there mounted upon Kāliya.

Thus end the purports of the humble servants of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda to the Tenth Canto, Sixteenth Chapter, of the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, entitled “Kṛṣṇa Chastises the Serpent Kāliya.”